Thomas Pynchon Wiki - User contributions [en]

Chapter 6

2025-02-18T09:49:39Z

Geronimo:

{{CL49 PbP Text}}

a: ???, b: 120 - '''Humbert Humbert''' 
Humbert Humbert is the narrator and main character in Vladimir Nabokov's "Lolita" (1955)[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lolita]

[[Image:columbian_stamp.jpg|thumb|150px|right|15 cent Columbian Exposition Issue, 1893]]

[[Image:mothers_stamp.jpg|thumb|150px|right|3 cent Mothers of America Issue, 1934]]

[[Image:centenary_stamp.jpg|thumb|150px|right|Postage Stamp Centenary Issue, 1947]]

[[Image:statue-of-liberty_stamp.jpg|thumb|150px|right|3 cent Statue of Liberty, 1954]]

[[Image:brussels_stamp.jpg|thumb|150px|right|3 cent Brussels Exhibition Issue, 1958]]

b: 121 - '''eight-year-old''' 
Why does Serge choose eight? Anything below 13 would probably be equally shocking. Numerology might give clues. For instance there are 8 Jungian cognitive functions; Timothy Leary identified 8 levels of consciousness; a byte is 8 bits; V8 is an automobile engine with 8 cylinders and also a vegetable juice drink. In numerology, 8 is the number of building, and in some theories, also the number of destruction.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8#Psychology]

b: 122 - '''Emory Bortz''' 
The most obvious allusion would be to Emory University in Atlanta, GA,[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emory#Education] but there are also several individuals of interest named Emory.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emory_(name)#Fictional_characters] The last name Bortz might allude to an Hungarian chieftain.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bortz_(chieftain)] It is also
a diamond of inferior quality, commonly used for drill tips; abrasive diamond powder; bort.[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bortz] Also a German slang for a little fellow.[https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780195081374.001.0001/acref-9780195081374-e-6433#:~:text=1.,2.]

b: 122 - '''Grace''' 
The wife may or may not live up to her name. Free and undeserved favour, especially of God; unmerited divine assistance given to humans for their regeneration or sanctification, or for resisting sin.[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/grace]

b: 123 - '''Winthrop Tremaine''' 
Winthrop is a colonial era surname, colonial governors of Massachusetts and Connecticut.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winthrop_(surname)] Tremaine is a Cornish language name, though most often a surname.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tremaine] Johnny Tremain, minus the e at the end was a character and title of a children's book written in 1943. The main character lives through the American Revolution.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Tremain]

b: 123 - '''girlie magazines''' 
1950's (etc) "porn" magazine featuring scantily-clad females (about like modern underwear ads!!)[https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=girlie%20magazine]

b: 123 - '''riparian''' 
Relating to or living or located on the bank of a natural watercourse.[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/riparian]

b: 124 - '''historical''' 
Of, concerning, or in accordance with recorded history, (particularly) as opposed to legends, myths, and fictions.[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/historical] Oedipa seeks to know the writer, not the myth or legend. The student mocks her by implying that Shakespeare, Marx, and Jesus are unknowable as "historical" figures.

b: 124 - '''Vatican Library''' 
The Vatican Apostolic Library (Latin: Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana, Italian: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana), more commonly known as the Vatican Library or informally as the Vat, is the library of the Holy See, located in Vatican City, and is the city-state's national library. It was formally established in 1475, although it is much older—it is one of the oldest libraries in the world and contains one of the most significant collections of historical texts. It has 75,000 codices from throughout history, as well as 1.1 million printed books, which include some 8,500 incunabula.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_Library]

b: 124 - '''Bowdlerized''' 
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Bowdler Thomas Bowdler] published a version of Shakespeare that removed profanity and sexual references in an effort to be more appropriate for audiences of his time. Since then, the term 'bowdlerize' generally refers to censorship of offensive material from artistic works.[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bowdlerize]

a: 151, b: 124 - '''K. da chingado''' 
''Chingado'' is Spanish slang meaning "fucker."[https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=chingado]

b: 126 - '''abyss''' 
(frequently figurative) A bottomless or unfathomed depth, gulf, or chasm; hence, any deep, immeasurable; any void space. Also a term for Hell. Moral depravity; vast intellectual or moral depth.[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/abyss]

b: 126 - '''depraved''' 
Perverted or extremely wrong in a moral sense.[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/depraved] Why does Oedipa describe the girl as depraved but not Metzger?

b: 126 - '''taken a Brody''' 
Steve Brodie [sic] was a New York City bookie who claimed to have survived the 135 foot jump from the Brooklyn Bridge in 1886. The notoriety surrounding this story is the source of phrases such as "pull a Brodie" or "take a Brodie." As Driblette's walk into the Pacific was fatal and did not include a fall from a great height, Oedipa's appropriation of the expression is forced at best.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Brodie_(bridge_jumper)]

b: 127 - '''woodcuts''' 
Woodcut is a relief printing technique in printmaking. An artist carves an image into the surface of a block of wood—typically with gouges—leaving the printing parts level with the surface while removing the non-printing parts. Areas that the artist cuts away carry no ink, while characters or images at surface level carry the ink to produce the print. The block is cut along the wood grain (unlike wood engraving, where the block is cut in the end-grain). The surface is covered with ink by rolling over the surface with an ink-covered roller (brayer), leaving ink upon the flat surface but not in the non-printing areas.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodcut]

b: 127 - '''poetaster''' 
An inferior poet; a writer of insignificant or shoddy poetry.[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/poetaster]

b: 127 - '''figure of Death''' 
Personifications of death are found in many religions and mythologies. In some mythologies, a character known as the Grim Reaper (usually depicted as a berobed skeleton wielding a scythe) causes the victim's death by coming to collect that person's soul. Other beliefs hold that the spectre of death is only a psychopomp, a benevolent figure who serves to gently sever the last ties between the soul and the body, and to guide the deceased to the afterlife, without having any control over when or how the victim dies. Death is most often personified in male form, although in certain cultures death is perceived as female (for instance, Marzanna in Slavic mythology, or Santa Muerte in Mexico). Death is also portrayed as one of the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse. Most claims of its appearance occur in states of near-death.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personifications_of_death]

b: 127 - '''Protestant''' 
Protestantism is a branch of Christianity[a] that emphasizes justification of sinners through faith alone, the teaching that salvation comes by unmerited divine grace, the priesthood of all believers, and the Bible as the sole infallible source of authority for Christian faith and practice.[1][2] The five solae summarize the basic theological beliefs of mainstream Protestantism.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantism]

b: 127 - '''Scurvhamite''' 
Another possible portmanteau name. Scurvy is a disease resulting from a lack of vitamin C (ascorbic acid). Early symptoms of deficiency include weakness, fatigue, and sore arms and legs. Without treatment, decreased red blood cells, gum disease, changes to hair, and bleeding from the skin may occur. As scurvy worsens, there can be poor wound healing, personality changes, and finally death from infection or bleeding.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scurvy] "ham" ends many British towns and parishes, so a diseased hamlet? Also may be a reference/pun on Benthamites.[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Benthamite][https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utilitarianism]

b: 128 - '''Charles I''' 
Charles I (19 November 1600 – 30 January 1649) was King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_I_of_England]

b: 128 - '''sect''' 
A sect is a subgroup of a religious, political, or philosophical belief system, usually an offshoot of a larger group. Although the term was originally a classification for religious separated groups, it can now refer to any organization that breaks away from a larger one to follow a different set of rules and principles. Sects are usually created due to perception of heresy by the subgroup and/or the larger group.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sect]

b: 128 - '''predestination''' 
Predestination, in theology, is the doctrine that all events have been willed by God, usually with reference to the eventual fate of the individual soul. Explanations of predestination often seek to address the paradox of free will, whereby God's omniscience seems incompatible with human free will. In this usage, predestination can be regarded as a form of religious determinism; and usually predeterminism, also known as theological determinism.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predestination] The Scurvhamites take the concept of predestination and separate it from the rest of the working world, which they describe similar to the watchmaker god of Deism although with probably evil intent.

b: 128 - '''sodality''' 
(Christianity) Spiritual communion with a divine being, a fellowship.[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sodality]

b: 128 - '''annihilation''' 
The act of destroying or otherwise turning into nothing, or nonexistence.[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/annihilation]

b: 128 - '''the Word''' 
The first verse of the Gospel of John reads: "In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God." Jesus is often referred to as the Word or Logos in Greek.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logos_(Christianity)]

b: 129 - '''vertiginous''' 
Having an aspect of great depth, drawing the eye to look downwards.[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vertiginous] More void/abyss imagery.

b: 129 - '''peregrination''' 
A journey made by a pilgrim; a pilgrimage. Also an archaic term for the journey to the afterlife.[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/peregrination]

b: 129 - '''tabernacle''' 
According to the Hebrew Bible, the tabernacle (Hebrew: מִשְׁכַּן, romanized: miškan, lit. 'residence, dwelling place'), also known as the Tent of the Congregation (Hebrew: אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד, romanized: ʔōhel mōʕēḏ, also Tent of Meeting), was the portable earthly dwelling of God used by the Israelites from the Exodus until the conquest of Canaan. Moses was instructed at Mount Sinai to construct and transport the tabernacle with the Israelites on their journey through the wilderness and their subsequent conquest of the Promised Land. After 480 years, Solomon's Temple in Jerusalem superseded it as the dwelling-place of God.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabernacle]

b: 129 - '''Diocletian''' 
Diocletian, nicknamed Jovius, was Roman emperor from 284 until his abdication in 305. He is known for his persecution of early Christians.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocletianic_Persecution]

b: 129 - '''Blobb''' 
A shapeless or amorphous mass; a vague shape or amount, especially of a liquid or semisolid substance; a clump, group or collection that lacks definite shape.[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/blob]

b: 129 - '''Torre and Tassis''' 
The Tasso family (from the Italian word for "badger", the family's heraldic animal) was a Lombard family in the area of Bergamo. The earliest records place them in Almenno in the Val Brembana around 1200, before they fled to the more distant village of Cornello to escape feuding between Bergamo's Colleoni (Guelf) and Suardi (Ghibelline) families. Around 1290, after Milan had conquered Bergamo, Omodeo Tasso organized 32 of his relatives into the Company of Couriers (Compagnia dei Corrieri) and linked Milan with Venice and Rome. The recipient of royal and papal patronage, his post riders were so comparatively efficient that they became known as bergamaschi throughout Italy.

Ruggiero de Tassis was named to the court of the Emperor Frederick the Peaceful in 1443. He organized a post system between Bergamo and Vienna by 1450; from Innsbruck to Italy and Styria around 1460; and Vienna with Brussels around 1480. Upon his success, Ruggiero was knighted and made a gentleman of the Chamber. Janetto von Taxis [de] was appointed Chief Master of Postal Services at Innsbruck in 1489. Philip of Burgundy elevated Janetto's brother Francesco I de Tassis [it] to captain of his post in 1502. Owing to a payment dispute with Philip, Francisco opened his post to public use in 1506. In 1512 the family was ennobled by Emperor Maximilian I. By 1516, Francisco had moved the family to Brussels in the Duchy of Brabant, where they became instrumental to Habsburg rule, linking the rich Habsburg Netherlands to the Spanish court. The normal route passed through France, but a secondary route across the Alps to Genoa was available in times of hostility.

In 1608 the Brussels line was raised to the status of hereditary barons, and in 1642 the Innsbruck line as well (which descends from Gabriel de Tassis, d. 1529). When the Brussels line was raised to the hereditary status of counts in 1624, they needed illustrious lineage to legitimize their intended further ascension to the high nobility. Alexandrine von Taxis commissioned genealogists to "clarify" their origin, who until then had only been considered a family descending from medieval knights who had become merchants. They now claimed, albeit without documentary evidence, that they descended from the famous Italian noble family Della Torre, or Torriani, who had ruled in Milan and Lombardy until 1311. She then applied to the emperor for a name change. With the Germanization, the coat of arms symbol of the Milanese family, the tower (Torre), became Thurn (an older German spelling, nowadays Turm) and was placed in front of the actual family name Tasso, translated with Taxis (an older German spelling for Dachs = Badger). The tower of the Torriani was added to the badger as a coat of arms.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thurn_und_Taxis]

b: 129 - '''Lake of Piety''' 
In Italian this is Lago di Pietà.[https://translate.google.com/details?sl=it&tl=en&text=Lago%20di%20Piet%C3%A0&op=translate] See [[Chapter 3|Lago di Pietà]]

b: 129 - '''cudgel''' 
A short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon.[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cudgel]

b: 130 - '''harquebuses''' 
arquebus, hackbuss, hackbut, hagbus, hagbut, hagebut, harbush, harquebuse, harquebuss[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/harquebus]
An arquebus is a form of long gun that appeared in Europe and the Ottoman Empire during the 15th century. An infantryman armed with an arquebus is called an arquebusier.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arquebus]

b: 130 - '''counter-revolution''' 
A counter-revolutionary or an anti-revolutionary is anyone who opposes or resists a revolution, particularly one who acts after a revolution in order to try to overturn it or reverse its course, in full or in part.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counter-revolutionary] This term didn't come into usage until the French Revolution.

b: 130 - '''usurpers''' 
A usurper is an illegitimate or controversial claimant to power, often but not always in a monarchy. In other words, one who takes the power of a country, city, or established region for oneself, without any formal or legal right to claim it as one's own.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usurper]

b: 130 - '''Motley's''' 
John Lothrop Motley (April 15, 1814 – May 29, 1877) was an American author and diplomat. As a popular historian, he is best known for his works on the Netherlands, the three volume work The Rise of the Dutch Republic and four volume History of the United Netherlands. As United States Minister to Austria in the service of the Abraham Lincoln administration, Motley helped to prevent European intervention on the side of the Confederates in the American Civil War. He later served as Minister to the United Kingdom (Court of St. James) during the Ulysses S. Grant administration.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lothrop_Motley]

b: 130 - '''The Rise of the Dutch Republic''' 
This is the history that Bortz and Oedipa claim to use.[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/4836] However, Albert Rolls claims in an article [https://www.berfrois.com/2020/03/albert-rolls-pynchon-in-the-low-countries/ here] that Pynchon uses a book by Adrien Albert Eugène Émile Antoine, Count of Meeûs, known in literature as Adrien de Meeûs, a Belgian Maurrassian writer. He wrote a History of the Belgians, published in English in 1962.[https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrien_de_Mee%C3%BBs] This is from the French language wikipedia, translated by Google.

b: 131 - '''Augustine''' 
Blobb's brother, a minister is named after Augustine of Hippo. Saint Augustine, was a theologian and philosopher of Berber origin and the bishop of Hippo Regius in Numidia, Roman North Africa. His writings influenced the development of Western philosophy and Western Christianity, and he is viewed as one of the most important Church Fathers of the Latin Church in the Patristic Period. His many important works include The City of God, On Christian Doctrine, and Confessions.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo]

b: 131 - '''Low Countries''' 
The Low Countries, historically also known as the Netherlands (Dutch: de Nederlanden), is a coastal lowland region in Northwestern Europe forming the lower basin of the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta and consisting today of the three modern "Benelux" countries: Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands (Dutch: Nederland, which is singular). Geographically and historically, the area can also include parts of France and Germany such as Nord and Pas-de-Calais and the German regions of East Frisia, Guelders and Cleves. During the Middle Ages, the Low Countries were divided into numerous semi-independent principalities.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_Countries]

b: 131 - '''William of Orange''' 
William III (William Henry; Dutch: Willem Hendrik; 4 November 1650 – 8 March 1702), also widely known as William of Orange, was the sovereign Prince of Orange from birth, Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders, and Overijssel in the Dutch Republic from the 1670s, and King of England, Ireland, and Scotland from 1689 until his death in 1702. He ruled Britain and Ireland alongside his wife, Queen Mary II, and their joint reign is known as that of William and Mary.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_III_of_England]

b:131 - '''Catholic Holy Roman Emperor''' 
In 1519, already reigning as Carlos I in Spain, Charles took up the imperial title as Karl V. The Holy Roman Empire would end up going to a more junior branch of the Habsburgs in the person of Charles's brother Ferdinand, while the senior branch continued to rule in Spain and the Burgundian inheritance in the person of Charles's son, Philip II of Spain. Many factors contribute to this result. For James D. Tracy, it was the polycentric character of the European civilization that made it hard to maintain "a dynasty whose territories bestrode the continent from the Low Countries to Sicily and from Spain to Hungary—not to mention Spain's overseas possessions".[184] Others point out the religious tensions, fiscal problems and obstruction from external forces including France and the Ottomans. On a more personal level, Charles failed to persuade the German princes to support his son Philip, whose "awkward and withdrawn character and lack of German language skills doomed this enterprise to failure.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire#Reformation%20and%20Renaissance]

b: 131 - '''entered Brussels in triumph''' 
The events on this page refer the the Eighty Years War.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eighty_Years%27_War][https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain]

b: 131 - '''Calvanist''' 
Reformed Christianity is often called Calvinism after John Calvin, influential reformer of Geneva. The term was first used by opposing Lutherans in the 1550s. Calvin did not approve of the use of this term, and scholars have argued that use of the term is misleading, inaccurate, unhelpful, and "inherently distortive."[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformed_Christianity]

b: 131 - '''junta''' 
Junta is a Spanish, Portuguese and Italian (giunta) term for a civil deliberative or administrative council. In English, the term, even when used alone, generally refers to a "military junta", the government of an authoritarian state run by high-ranking officers of a military. The literal meaning of the word derives from juntar (to join); a group of people with a common purpose.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junta_(governing_body)][https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/junta]

b: 131 - '''Estates-General''' 
Pynchon uses the French term for the States General of the Nederlands. The States General originated in the 15th century as an assembly of all the provincial states of the Burgundian Netherlands. In 1579, during the Dutch Revolt, the States General split as the northern provinces openly rebelled against Philip II, and the northern States General replaced Philip II as the supreme authority of the Dutch Republic in 1581.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_General_of_the_Netherlands]

b: 131 - '''Brussels Commune''' 
An allusion to the Paris Commune of 1871.
The Paris Commune (French: Commune de Paris, pronounced [kɔ.myn də pa.ʁi]) was a French revolutionary government that seized power in Paris from 18 March to 28 May 1871. During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71, the French National Guard had defended Paris, and working-class radicalism grew among its soldiers. Following the establishment of the Third Republic in September 1870 (under French chief executive Adolphe Thiers from February 1871) and the complete defeat of the French Army by the Germans by March 1871, soldiers of the National Guard seized control of the city on March 18. They killed two French army generals and refused to accept the authority of the Third Republic, instead attempting to establish an independent government.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_Commune]

The Commune governed Paris for two months, establishing policies that tended toward a progressive, anti-religious system of their own self-styled socialism, which was an eclectic mix of many 19th-century schools. These policies included the separation of church and state, self-policing, the remission of rent, the abolition of child labor, and the right of employees to take over an enterprise deserted by its owner. All Catholic churches and schools were closed. Feminist, communist, old style social democracy (a mix of reformism and revolutionism), and anarchist currents, among other socialist types, played important roles in the Commune.

b: 131 - '''Leonard I, Baron of Taxis''' 
At the death of Francisco in 1517, Emperor Charles V appointed Francisco's nephew Johann Baptista von Taxis (1470-1541) as Generalpostmeister of the Kaiserliche Reichspost. Johann Baptista was briefly succeeded by his eldest son, Franz II von Taxis (1514-1543), after whose untimely death the family split into two further branches. The youngest son, Leonhard I von Taxis, succeeded as Generalpostmeister and is the ancestor of the princely Thurn and Taxis family. Johann Baptista's second-eldest son, Raymond de Tassis (1515-1579), took over the office of postmaster-general to the Crown of Spain and settled in Spain.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thurn_und_Taxis]

b: 131 - '''Gentleman of the Emperor's Privy Chamber''' 
The Holy Roman Emperor had nothing called a privy chamber. This is an English institution.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor]
The Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber were noble-born servants to the Crown who would wait and attend on the King in private, as well as during various court activities, functions and entertainments.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privy_chamber]

b: 131 - '''Baron of Buysinghen''' 
A city south of Brussels in Belgium.[https://geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-2728419&fid=510&c=belgium]

b: 131 - '''Jan Hinckart''' 
In 1492 Jan van Baexen became the new lord. He was married to Elisabeth van Harff. In 1500 the loan was split. Half of it went to the three brothers of Jan and their descendants, each getting one-sixth. The other half went to Willem Hinckart and Goyert van Harff.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieuw-Herlaer_Castle]

b: 131 - '''Lord of Ohain''' 
Ohain is a Belgian village and district of the municipality of Lasne, Wallonia in the province of Walloon Brabant.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohain,_Belgium]

b: 131 - '''Calavera''' 
Tristero’s surname means skull or skeleton, and can also refer to Day of the Dead confections.[https://translate.google.com/details?sl=auto&tl=en&text=calavera&op=translate][https://www.alexandani.com/blogs/the-wire/history-and-symbolism-of-the-calavera]

b: 131 - '''Alexander Farnese''' 
Alexander Farnese (27 August 1545 – 3 December 1592) was an Italian noble and condottiero, who was Duke of Parma, Piacenza and Castro from 1586 to 1592, as well as Governor of the Spanish Netherlands from 1578 to 1592. As a general of the Spanish army during the Dutch revolt, Farnese captured more than thirty towns in what is now Belgium between 1581 and 1587 and returned them to the control of Habsburg Spain.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Farnese,_Duke_of_Parma]

b: 132 - '''Bohemian''' 
Bohemia is the westernmost and largest historical region of the Czech Republic. Bohemia can also refer to a wider area consisting of the historical Lands of the Bohemian Crown ruled by the Bohemian kings, including Moravia and Czech Silesia, in which case the smaller region is referred to as Bohemia proper as a means of distinction.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohemia]

b: 132 - '''Rudolph II''' 
Rudolf II (18 July 1552 – 20 January 1612) was Holy Roman Emperor (1576–1612), King of Hungary and Croatia (as Rudolf I, 1572–1608), King of Bohemia (1575–1608/1611) and Archduke of Austria (1576–1608). He was a member of the House of Habsburg.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor]

b: 132 - '''El Desheredado''' 
The Disinherited.[https://translate.google.com/details?sl=auto&tl=en&text=desheredado&op=translate]

b: 132 - '''tasso''' 
Badger in Italian. This is on the Thurn and Taxis coat of arms.[https://translate.google.com/details?sl=it&tl=en&text=tasso&op=translate]

b: 132 - '''Bergamascan''' 
Bergamo is a city in the alpine Lombardy region of Northern Italy, approximately 40 km (25 mi) northeast of Milan, and about 30 km (19 mi) from Switzerland, the alpine lakes Como and Iseo and 70 km (43 mi) from Garda and Maggiore. The Bergamo Alps (Alpi Orobie) begin immediately north of the city.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergamo]

b: 132 - '''sub rosa''' 
Covertly or in secret; confidentially, privately, secretly. Literally under the rose.[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sub_rosa]

b: 133 - '''Napa Valley''' 
Napa Valley is an American Viticultural Area (AVA) located in Napa County, California. It was established by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF) on January 27, 1981. Napa Valley is considered one of the premier wine regions in the world. Records of commercial wine production in the region date back to the nineteenth century,[5] but premium wine production dates back only to the 1960s.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napa_Valley_AVA]

b: 133 - '''muscatel''' 
Muscatel is a type of wine made from muscat grapes. The term is now normally used in the United States to refer to a fortified wine made from these grapes rather than just any wine made from these grapes. This fortified muscatel became popular in the United States when, at the end of prohibition, in order to meet the large demand for wine, some poor strains of muscat grapes (used normally for table grapes or raisins) mixed with sugar and cheap brandy were used to produce what has since become infamous as a '''wino wine'''. This kind of fortified wine has, in the United States, damaged the reputation of all muscat-based wines and the term muscatel tends no longer to be used for these "better" wines in the United States. In other markets the term Muscatel, or Moscatel, refers to a wide range of sweet wines based on these grapes.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscatel] This would not be the premium wine production for which Napa Valley is now famous.

b: 133 - '''phantom limb''' 
A phantom limb is the sensation that an amputated or missing limb is still attached. It is a chronic condition which is often resistant to treatment.[1] When the cut ends of sensory fibres are stimulated during thigh movements, the patient feels as if the sensation is arising from the non-existent limb. Sometimes the patient might feel pain in the non-existent limb.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phantom_limb]

b: 133 - '''prosthetic device''' 
A prosthetic device is an artificial device that replaces a missing body part, which may be lost through physical trauma, disease, or a condition present at birth (congenital disorder). Prostheses are intended to restore the normal functions of the missing body part.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosthesis]

b: 134 - '''Alexandrine of Rye''' 
Alexandrine von Taxis (1 August 1589 – 26 December 1666), was a German noblewoman who served as Imperial General Postmaster of the Kaiserliche Reichspost, the General Post Office of the Holy Roman Empire, as well as the Post Master of the Spanish Netherlands, from 1628 until 1646.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandrine_von_Taxis]

b: 135 - '''Lamoral II-Claudius-Franz''' 
Lamoral II Claudius Franz, Count of Thurn and Taxis (14 February 1621 (baptized) – 13 September 1676) was a German nobleman and Imperial Postmaster. He took over the post of Imperial Postmaster General from his mother when he came of age in 1646. He obtained permission from the Emperor in 1650 to change his family name to von Thurn, Valsassina und Taxis, but then opted for the shorter von Thurn und Taxis (or de la Tour et Tassis in French). He and his mother were instrumental in the organization of the Imperial postal system. After the end of the Thirty Years' War, he successfully competed against the many postal systems of the German states. He was, however, unable to regain a legal monopoly. He also participated in the negotiations that led to the Treaty of Westphalia.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamoral_II_Claudius_Franz,_Count_of_Thurn_and_Taxis]

b: 135 - '''Brussels''' 
The City of Brussels is the largest municipality and historical centre of the Brussels-Capital Region, as well as the capital of the Flemish Region (from which it is separate) and Belgium.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Brussels]

b: 135 - '''Antwerp''' 
Antwerp is a city and a municipality in the Flemish Region of Belgium.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antwerp]

b: 135 - '''Thirty Years War''' 
The Thirty Years' War,[j] from 1618 to 1648, was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history. Fought primarily in Central Europe, an estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died from the effects of battle, famine, or disease, while parts of Germany reported population declines of over 50%.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War]

b: 135 - '''Peace of Westphalia''' 
The Peace of Westphalia is the collective name for two peace treaties signed in October 1648 in the Westphalian cities of Osnabrück and Münster. They ended the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) and brought peace to the Holy Roman Empire, closing a calamitous period of European history that killed approximately eight million people. Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III, the kingdoms of France and Sweden, and their respective allies among the princes of the Holy Roman Empire, participated in the treaties.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia]

b: 135 - '''particularism''' 
The principle that individual states, races of a federation, etc., may act independently of a central authority.[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/particularism]

b: 135 - '''Kirk Douglas''' 
was an American actor and filmmaker. After an impoverished childhood, he made his film debut in ''The Strange Love of Martha Ivers'' (1946) with Barbara Stanwyck. Douglas soon developed into a leading box-office star throughout the 1950s, known for serious dramas, including westerns and war films. During his career, he appeared in more than 90 films and was known for his explosive acting style.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirk_Douglas] Is it the chin dimple? or the style of acting that makes Bortz consider him as an avatar for the Konrad character?

b: 136 - '''Zeitgeist''' 
is an invisible agent, force, or daemon dominating the characteristics of a given epoch in world history.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeitgeist][https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/zeitgeist#English]

b: 136 - '''French Revolution''' 
The French Revolution was a period of political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789, and ended with the coup of 18 Brumaire in November 1799 and the formation of the French Consulate. Many of its ideas are considered fundamental principles of liberal democracy, while its values and institutions remain central to modern French political discourse.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Revolution]

b: 136 - '''Proclamation of 9th Frimaire, An III''' 
There doesn't appear to be such a proclamation. Frimaire was the third month in the French Republican Calendar. The month was named after the French word frimas 'frost'. It was the third month of the autumn quarter (mois d'automne). It started between 21 November and 23 November, ending between 20 December and 22 December. It follows Brumaire and precedes Nivôse.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frimaire] 9th Frimaire, An III = Saturday, November 29th, 1794. Some discussion from the Pynchon list-serve [https://waste.org/pipermail/pynchon-l/2009-July/116824.html here]

b: 137 - '''NYU''' 
New York University (NYU) is a private research university in New York City, United States. Chartered in 1831 by the New York State Legislature, NYU was founded in 1832 by Albert Gallatin as a non-denominational all-male institution near City Hall based on a curriculum focused on a secular education. The university moved in 1833 and has maintained its main campus in Greenwich Village surrounding Washington Square Park. Since then, the university has added an engineering school in Brooklyn's MetroTech Center and graduate schools throughout Manhattan.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_University]

b: 139 - '''Scott catalogue''' 
The Scott catalogue of postage stamps, published by Scott Publishing Company, now a subsidiary of Amos Media, is updated annually and lists all the stamps of the world that its editors recognize as issued for postal purposes.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_catalogue]

b: 140 - '''viscera''' 
Collectively, the internal organs of the body, especially those contained within the abdominal and thoracic cavities, such as the liver, heart, or stomach.[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/viscera]

b: 140 - '''indole alkaloids''' 
The action of some indole alkaloids has been known for ages. Aztecs used the psilocybin mushrooms which contain alkaloids psilocybin and psilocin.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indole_alkaloid]

b: 142 - '''Zumstein catalogue''' 
The Zumstein catalog is a postage stamp catalog from Switzerland. It has been issued regularly since 1909 and is considered to be an important reference work of Swiss philately. It is published in German and French languages.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zumstein_catalog]

b: 142 - '''Royal Philatelic Society''' 
The Royal Philatelic Society London (RPSL) is the oldest philatelic society in the world.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Philatelic_Society_London]

b: 142 - '''Dresden''' 
is the capital city of the German state of Saxony and it is the second most populous city after Leipzig.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dresden]

b: 142 - '''famous ''Bibliothéque des Timbrophiles'' of Jean-Baptiste Moens''' 
Jean-Baptiste Philippe Constant Moens (27 May 1833, Tournai – 28 April 1908) was a Belgian philatelist recognized as the first dealer in stamps for collectors.[1] He was one of the original philatelic journalists. He began the first French language philatelic monthly, Le Timbre-Poste, which ran from 1863 until 1900,[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Moens]

b: 142 - '''penumbra''' 
3. Something related to, connected to, and implied by, the existence of something else that is necessary for the second thing to be full and complete in its essential aspects.[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/penumbra]

b: 142 - '''battle of Austerlitz''' 
The Battle of Austerlitz (2 December 1805/11 Frimaire An XIV FRC), also known as the Battle of the Three Emperors, was one of the most important military engagements of the Napoleonic Wars.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Austerlitz]

b: 143 - '''Frankfurt Assembly''' 
The Frankfurt Parliament (German: Frankfurter Nationalversammlung, literally Frankfurt National Assembly) was the first freely elected parliament for all German states, including the German-populated areas of the Austrian Empire,[1] elected on 1 May 1848.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_Parliament]

b: 143 - '''Buda-Pesth at the barricades''' 
The national insurrection against the Habsburgs began in the Hungarian capital in 1848 and was defeated one and a half years later, with the help of the Russian Empire.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest#Contemporary_history_after_Unification]

b: 143 - '''watchmakers of the Jura''' 
The Swiss canton of Jura is known for watchmaking. The king of Burgundy donated much of the land that today makes up canton Jura to the bishop of Basel in 999. The area was a sovereign state within the Holy Roman Empire for more than 800 years. After the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, the Jura had close ties with the Swiss Confederation. At the Congress of Vienna (1815), the Jura region became part of the canton of Bern. This act caused dissension. The Jura was French-speaking and Roman Catholic, whereas the canton of Bern was mostly German-speaking and Protestant.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton_of_Jura]

b: 143 - '''great postal reform''' 
An Act of Congress of March 3, 1845 (effective July 1, 1845), established uniform (and mostly reduced) postal rates throughout the nation, with a uniform rate of five cents for distances under 300 miles (500 km) and ten cents for distances between 300 and 3,000 miles.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_United_States#Provisional_issue_stamps]

b: 143 - '''Siouan and Athapascan dialects''' 
Sioux are groups of Native American tribes and First Nations people from the Great Plains of North America. The Sioux have two major linguistic divisions: the Dakota and Lakota peoples.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sioux] Athabaskan is a large family of Indigenous languages of North America, located in western North America in three areal language groups: Northern, Pacific Coast and Southern (or Apachean).[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athabaskan_languages]

b: 144 - '''1893 Columbian Exposition Issue''' 
The stamp commemorates the exposition that dominates the first section of ''Against the Day''.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World%27s_Columbian_Exposition#Notable_firsts]

b: 148 - '''Pullman cars''' 
Pullman is the term for railroad sleeping cars that were built and operated by the Pullman Company (founded by George Pullman) from 1867 to December 31, 1968.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pullman_(car_or_coach)]

b: 149 - '''Plymouths''' 
For much of its life, Plymouth was one of the top-selling American automobile brands; it, together with Chevrolet and Ford, was commonly referred to as the "low-priced three" marques in the American market. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plymouth_(automobile)#Great_Depression,_1930s%E2%80%931940s]

b: 150 - '''Orange County''' 
Orange County is sometimes divided into northern and southern regions. There are significant political, demographic, economic and cultural distinctions between North and South Orange County. The southern region is wealthier and predominately Republican historically.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_County,_California#Regions_of_Orange%20County]

b: 150 - '''administrator ''de bonis non'' ''' 
De bonis non administratis, Latin for "of goods not administered," is a legal term for assets remaining in an estate after the death or removal of the estate administrator. The second administrator is called the administrator de bonis non and distributes the remaining assets. In the United States's Uniform Probate Code, these titles have been replaced by successor personal representative.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_bonis_non_administratis]

a:181 - '''She had heard all about excluded middles''' 
The law of the excluded middle (or "principle") is one of three Aristotelean laws of thought and logic along with the law of non-contradiciton and the law of identity. The law holds that for every proposition either this proposition or its negation is true. The law was the subject of intense mathematical and logical debate between the Formalist and Intuitionists during the 19th and early 20th centuries and was reformulated by Whitehead and Russell in the Principia Mathematica, becoming foundational both for Russellian set theory, Godel's number theory and the creation of Turing machines. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_excluded_middle]

a:181 '''For it was now like walking among matrices of a great digital computer, the zeroes and ones twinned above''' 
Continues the exploration of the either/or logic of the law of the excluded middle and its basis at the origins of modern computers. Oedipa has entered the paradoxical impossibility of a proposition holding that Tristero simultaneously is and is not.

b: 151 - '''Mozambique triangles'''
The Kionga Triangle was a tiny territory on the border between German East Africa (present-day United Republic of Tanzania) and the Portuguese colony of Mozambique (present day Republic of Mozambique), originally Portuguese, but occupied by German forces in 1894, and recaptured by the Portuguese forces in 1916. The triangle was the only German territory that the post-war Treaty of Versailles awarded to Portugal.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Kionga]
{{CL49 PbP}}

Chapter 6

2025-02-18T09:48:52Z

Geronimo:

{{CL49 PbP Text}}

a: ???, b: 120 - '''Humbert Humbert''' 
Humbert Humbert is the narrator and main character in Vladimir Nabokov's "Lolita" (1955)[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lolita]

[[Image:columbian_stamp.jpg|thumb|150px|right|15 cent Columbian Exposition Issue, 1893]]

[[Image:mothers_stamp.jpg|thumb|150px|right|3 cent Mothers of America Issue, 1934]]

[[Image:centenary_stamp.jpg|thumb|150px|right|Postage Stamp Centenary Issue, 1947]]

[[Image:statue-of-liberty_stamp.jpg|thumb|150px|right|3 cent Statue of Liberty, 1954]]

[[Image:brussels_stamp.jpg|thumb|150px|right|3 cent Brussels Exhibition Issue, 1958]]

b: 121 - '''eight-year-old''' 
Why does Serge choose eight? Anything below 13 would probably be equally shocking. Numerology might give clues. For instance there are 8 Jungian cognitive functions; Timothy Leary identified 8 levels of consciousness; a byte is 8 bits; V8 is an automobile engine with 8 cylinders and also a vegetable juice drink. In numerology, 8 is the number of building, and in some theories, also the number of destruction.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8#Psychology]

b: 122 - '''Emory Bortz''' 
The most obvious allusion would be to Emory University in Atlanta, GA,[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emory#Education] but there are also several individuals of interest named Emory.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emory_(name)#Fictional_characters] The last name Bortz might allude to an Hungarian chieftain.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bortz_(chieftain)] It is also
a diamond of inferior quality, commonly used for drill tips; abrasive diamond powder; bort.[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bortz] Also a German slang for a little fellow.[https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780195081374.001.0001/acref-9780195081374-e-6433#:~:text=1.,2.]

b: 122 - '''Grace''' 
The wife may or may not live up to her name. Free and undeserved favour, especially of God; unmerited divine assistance given to humans for their regeneration or sanctification, or for resisting sin.[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/grace]

b: 123 - '''Winthrop Tremaine''' 
Winthrop is a colonial era surname, colonial governors of Massachusetts and Connecticut.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winthrop_(surname)] Tremaine is a Cornish language name, though most often a surname.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tremaine] Johnny Tremain, minus the e at the end was a character and title of a children's book written in 1943. The main character lives through the American Revolution.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Tremain]

b: 123 - '''girlie magazines''' 
1950's (etc) "porn" magazine featuring scantily-clad females (about like modern underwear ads!!)[https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=girlie%20magazine]

b: 123 - '''riparian''' 
Relating to or living or located on the bank of a natural watercourse.[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/riparian]

b: 124 - '''historical''' 
Of, concerning, or in accordance with recorded history, (particularly) as opposed to legends, myths, and fictions.[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/historical] Oedipa seeks to know the writer, not the myth or legend. The student mocks her by implying that Shakespeare, Marx, and Jesus are unknowable as "historical" figures.

b: 124 - '''Vatican Library''' 
The Vatican Apostolic Library (Latin: Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana, Italian: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana), more commonly known as the Vatican Library or informally as the Vat, is the library of the Holy See, located in Vatican City, and is the city-state's national library. It was formally established in 1475, although it is much older—it is one of the oldest libraries in the world and contains one of the most significant collections of historical texts. It has 75,000 codices from throughout history, as well as 1.1 million printed books, which include some 8,500 incunabula.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_Library]

b: 124 - '''Bowdlerized''' 
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Bowdler Thomas Bowdler] published a version of Shakespeare that removed profanity and sexual references in an effort to be more appropriate for audiences of his time. Since then, the term 'bowdlerize' generally refers to censorship of offensive material from artistic works.[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bowdlerize]

a: 151, b: 124 - '''K. da chingado''' 
''Chingado'' is Spanish slang meaning "fucker."[https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=chingado]

b: 126 - '''abyss''' 
(frequently figurative) A bottomless or unfathomed depth, gulf, or chasm; hence, any deep, immeasurable; any void space. Also a term for Hell. Moral depravity; vast intellectual or moral depth.[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/abyss]

b: 126 - '''depraved''' 
Perverted or extremely wrong in a moral sense.[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/depraved] Why does Oedipa describe the girl as depraved but not Metzger?

b: 126 - '''taken a Brody''' 
Steve Brodie [sic] was a New York City bookie who claimed to have survived the 135 foot jump from the Brooklyn Bridge in 1886. The notoriety surrounding this story is the source of phrases such as "pull a Brodie" or "take a Brodie." As Driblette's walk into the Pacific was fatal and did not include a fall from a great height, Oedipa's appropriation of the expression is forced at best.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Brodie_(bridge_jumper)]

b: 127 - '''woodcuts''' 
Woodcut is a relief printing technique in printmaking. An artist carves an image into the surface of a block of wood—typically with gouges—leaving the printing parts level with the surface while removing the non-printing parts. Areas that the artist cuts away carry no ink, while characters or images at surface level carry the ink to produce the print. The block is cut along the wood grain (unlike wood engraving, where the block is cut in the end-grain). The surface is covered with ink by rolling over the surface with an ink-covered roller (brayer), leaving ink upon the flat surface but not in the non-printing areas.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodcut]

b: 127 - '''poetaster''' 
An inferior poet; a writer of insignificant or shoddy poetry.[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/poetaster]

b: 127 - '''figure of Death''' 
Personifications of death are found in many religions and mythologies. In some mythologies, a character known as the Grim Reaper (usually depicted as a berobed skeleton wielding a scythe) causes the victim's death by coming to collect that person's soul. Other beliefs hold that the spectre of death is only a psychopomp, a benevolent figure who serves to gently sever the last ties between the soul and the body, and to guide the deceased to the afterlife, without having any control over when or how the victim dies. Death is most often personified in male form, although in certain cultures death is perceived as female (for instance, Marzanna in Slavic mythology, or Santa Muerte in Mexico). Death is also portrayed as one of the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse. Most claims of its appearance occur in states of near-death.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personifications_of_death]

b: 127 - '''Protestant''' 
Protestantism is a branch of Christianity[a] that emphasizes justification of sinners through faith alone, the teaching that salvation comes by unmerited divine grace, the priesthood of all believers, and the Bible as the sole infallible source of authority for Christian faith and practice.[1][2] The five solae summarize the basic theological beliefs of mainstream Protestantism.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantism]

b: 127 - '''Scurvhamite''' 
Another possible portmanteau name. Scurvy is a disease resulting from a lack of vitamin C (ascorbic acid). Early symptoms of deficiency include weakness, fatigue, and sore arms and legs. Without treatment, decreased red blood cells, gum disease, changes to hair, and bleeding from the skin may occur. As scurvy worsens, there can be poor wound healing, personality changes, and finally death from infection or bleeding.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scurvy] "ham" ends many British towns and parishes, so a diseased hamlet? Also may be a reference/pun on Benthamites.[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Benthamite][https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utilitarianism]

b: 128 - '''Charles I''' 
Charles I (19 November 1600 – 30 January 1649) was King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_I_of_England]

b: 128 - '''sect''' 
A sect is a subgroup of a religious, political, or philosophical belief system, usually an offshoot of a larger group. Although the term was originally a classification for religious separated groups, it can now refer to any organization that breaks away from a larger one to follow a different set of rules and principles. Sects are usually created due to perception of heresy by the subgroup and/or the larger group.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sect]

b: 128 - '''predestination''' 
Predestination, in theology, is the doctrine that all events have been willed by God, usually with reference to the eventual fate of the individual soul. Explanations of predestination often seek to address the paradox of free will, whereby God's omniscience seems incompatible with human free will. In this usage, predestination can be regarded as a form of religious determinism; and usually predeterminism, also known as theological determinism.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predestination] The Scurvhamites take the concept of predestination and separate it from the rest of the working world, which they describe similar to the watchmaker god of Deism although with probably evil intent.

b: 128 - '''sodality''' 
(Christianity) Spiritual communion with a divine being, a fellowship.[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sodality]

b: 128 - '''annihilation''' 
The act of destroying or otherwise turning into nothing, or nonexistence.[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/annihilation]

b: 128 - '''the Word''' 
The first verse of the Gospel of John reads: "In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God." Jesus is often referred to as the Word or Logos in Greek.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logos_(Christianity)]

b: 129 - '''vertiginous''' 
Having an aspect of great depth, drawing the eye to look downwards.[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vertiginous] More void/abyss imagery.

b: 129 - '''peregrination''' 
A journey made by a pilgrim; a pilgrimage. Also an archaic term for the journey to the afterlife.[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/peregrination]

b: 129 - '''tabernacle''' 
According to the Hebrew Bible, the tabernacle (Hebrew: מִשְׁכַּן, romanized: miškan, lit. 'residence, dwelling place'), also known as the Tent of the Congregation (Hebrew: אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד, romanized: ʔōhel mōʕēḏ, also Tent of Meeting), was the portable earthly dwelling of God used by the Israelites from the Exodus until the conquest of Canaan. Moses was instructed at Mount Sinai to construct and transport the tabernacle with the Israelites on their journey through the wilderness and their subsequent conquest of the Promised Land. After 480 years, Solomon's Temple in Jerusalem superseded it as the dwelling-place of God.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabernacle]

b: 129 - '''Diocletian''' 
Diocletian, nicknamed Jovius, was Roman emperor from 284 until his abdication in 305. He is known for his persecution of early Christians.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocletianic_Persecution]

b: 129 - '''Blobb''' 
A shapeless or amorphous mass; a vague shape or amount, especially of a liquid or semisolid substance; a clump, group or collection that lacks definite shape.[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/blob]

b: 129 - '''Torre and Tassis''' 
The Tasso family (from the Italian word for "badger", the family's heraldic animal) was a Lombard family in the area of Bergamo. The earliest records place them in Almenno in the Val Brembana around 1200, before they fled to the more distant village of Cornello to escape feuding between Bergamo's Colleoni (Guelf) and Suardi (Ghibelline) families. Around 1290, after Milan had conquered Bergamo, Omodeo Tasso organized 32 of his relatives into the Company of Couriers (Compagnia dei Corrieri) and linked Milan with Venice and Rome. The recipient of royal and papal patronage, his post riders were so comparatively efficient that they became known as bergamaschi throughout Italy.

Ruggiero de Tassis was named to the court of the Emperor Frederick the Peaceful in 1443. He organized a post system between Bergamo and Vienna by 1450; from Innsbruck to Italy and Styria around 1460; and Vienna with Brussels around 1480. Upon his success, Ruggiero was knighted and made a gentleman of the Chamber. Janetto von Taxis [de] was appointed Chief Master of Postal Services at Innsbruck in 1489. Philip of Burgundy elevated Janetto's brother Francesco I de Tassis [it] to captain of his post in 1502. Owing to a payment dispute with Philip, Francisco opened his post to public use in 1506. In 1512 the family was ennobled by Emperor Maximilian I. By 1516, Francisco had moved the family to Brussels in the Duchy of Brabant, where they became instrumental to Habsburg rule, linking the rich Habsburg Netherlands to the Spanish court. The normal route passed through France, but a secondary route across the Alps to Genoa was available in times of hostility.

In 1608 the Brussels line was raised to the status of hereditary barons, and in 1642 the Innsbruck line as well (which descends from Gabriel de Tassis, d. 1529). When the Brussels line was raised to the hereditary status of counts in 1624, they needed illustrious lineage to legitimize their intended further ascension to the high nobility. Alexandrine von Taxis commissioned genealogists to "clarify" their origin, who until then had only been considered a family descending from medieval knights who had become merchants. They now claimed, albeit without documentary evidence, that they descended from the famous Italian noble family Della Torre, or Torriani, who had ruled in Milan and Lombardy until 1311. She then applied to the emperor for a name change. With the Germanization, the coat of arms symbol of the Milanese family, the tower (Torre), became Thurn (an older German spelling, nowadays Turm) and was placed in front of the actual family name Tasso, translated with Taxis (an older German spelling for Dachs = Badger). The tower of the Torriani was added to the badger as a coat of arms.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thurn_und_Taxis]

b: 129 - '''Lake of Piety''' 
In Italian this is Lago di Pietà.[https://translate.google.com/details?sl=it&tl=en&text=Lago%20di%20Piet%C3%A0&op=translate] See [[Chapter 3|Lago di Pietà]]

b: 129 - '''cudgel''' 
A short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon.[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cudgel]

b: 130 - '''harquebuses''' 
arquebus, hackbuss, hackbut, hagbus, hagbut, hagebut, harbush, harquebuse, harquebuss[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/harquebus]
An arquebus is a form of long gun that appeared in Europe and the Ottoman Empire during the 15th century. An infantryman armed with an arquebus is called an arquebusier.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arquebus]

b: 130 - '''counter-revolution''' 
A counter-revolutionary or an anti-revolutionary is anyone who opposes or resists a revolution, particularly one who acts after a revolution in order to try to overturn it or reverse its course, in full or in part.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counter-revolutionary] This term didn't come into usage until the French Revolution.

b: 130 - '''usurpers''' 
A usurper is an illegitimate or controversial claimant to power, often but not always in a monarchy. In other words, one who takes the power of a country, city, or established region for oneself, without any formal or legal right to claim it as one's own.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usurper]

b: 130 - '''Motley's''' 
John Lothrop Motley (April 15, 1814 – May 29, 1877) was an American author and diplomat. As a popular historian, he is best known for his works on the Netherlands, the three volume work The Rise of the Dutch Republic and four volume History of the United Netherlands. As United States Minister to Austria in the service of the Abraham Lincoln administration, Motley helped to prevent European intervention on the side of the Confederates in the American Civil War. He later served as Minister to the United Kingdom (Court of St. James) during the Ulysses S. Grant administration.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lothrop_Motley]

b: 130 - '''The Rise of the Dutch Republic''' 
This is the history that Bortz and Oedipa claim to use.[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/4836] However, Albert Rolls claims in an article [https://www.berfrois.com/2020/03/albert-rolls-pynchon-in-the-low-countries/ here] that Pynchon uses a book by Adrien Albert Eugène Émile Antoine, Count of Meeûs, known in literature as Adrien de Meeûs, a Belgian Maurrassian writer. He wrote a History of the Belgians, published in English in 1962.[https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrien_de_Mee%C3%BBs] This is from the French language wikipedia, translated by Google.

b: 131 - '''Augustine''' 
Blobb's brother, a minister is named after Augustine of Hippo. Saint Augustine, was a theologian and philosopher of Berber origin and the bishop of Hippo Regius in Numidia, Roman North Africa. His writings influenced the development of Western philosophy and Western Christianity, and he is viewed as one of the most important Church Fathers of the Latin Church in the Patristic Period. His many important works include The City of God, On Christian Doctrine, and Confessions.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo]

b: 131 - '''Low Countries''' 
The Low Countries, historically also known as the Netherlands (Dutch: de Nederlanden), is a coastal lowland region in Northwestern Europe forming the lower basin of the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta and consisting today of the three modern "Benelux" countries: Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands (Dutch: Nederland, which is singular). Geographically and historically, the area can also include parts of France and Germany such as Nord and Pas-de-Calais and the German regions of East Frisia, Guelders and Cleves. During the Middle Ages, the Low Countries were divided into numerous semi-independent principalities.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_Countries]

b: 131 - '''William of Orange''' 
William III (William Henry; Dutch: Willem Hendrik; 4 November 1650 – 8 March 1702), also widely known as William of Orange, was the sovereign Prince of Orange from birth, Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders, and Overijssel in the Dutch Republic from the 1670s, and King of England, Ireland, and Scotland from 1689 until his death in 1702. He ruled Britain and Ireland alongside his wife, Queen Mary II, and their joint reign is known as that of William and Mary.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_III_of_England]

b:131 - '''Catholic Holy Roman Emperor''' 
In 1519, already reigning as Carlos I in Spain, Charles took up the imperial title as Karl V. The Holy Roman Empire would end up going to a more junior branch of the Habsburgs in the person of Charles's brother Ferdinand, while the senior branch continued to rule in Spain and the Burgundian inheritance in the person of Charles's son, Philip II of Spain. Many factors contribute to this result. For James D. Tracy, it was the polycentric character of the European civilization that made it hard to maintain "a dynasty whose territories bestrode the continent from the Low Countries to Sicily and from Spain to Hungary—not to mention Spain's overseas possessions".[184] Others point out the religious tensions, fiscal problems and obstruction from external forces including France and the Ottomans. On a more personal level, Charles failed to persuade the German princes to support his son Philip, whose "awkward and withdrawn character and lack of German language skills doomed this enterprise to failure.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire#Reformation%20and%20Renaissance]

b: 131 - '''entered Brussels in triumph''' 
The events on this page refer the the Eighty Years War.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eighty_Years%27_War][https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain]

b: 131 - '''Calvanist''' 
Reformed Christianity is often called Calvinism after John Calvin, influential reformer of Geneva. The term was first used by opposing Lutherans in the 1550s. Calvin did not approve of the use of this term, and scholars have argued that use of the term is misleading, inaccurate, unhelpful, and "inherently distortive."[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformed_Christianity]

b: 131 - '''junta''' 
Junta is a Spanish, Portuguese and Italian (giunta) term for a civil deliberative or administrative council. In English, the term, even when used alone, generally refers to a "military junta", the government of an authoritarian state run by high-ranking officers of a military. The literal meaning of the word derives from juntar (to join); a group of people with a common purpose.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junta_(governing_body)][https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/junta]

b: 131 - '''Estates-General''' 
Pynchon uses the French term for the States General of the Nederlands. The States General originated in the 15th century as an assembly of all the provincial states of the Burgundian Netherlands. In 1579, during the Dutch Revolt, the States General split as the northern provinces openly rebelled against Philip II, and the northern States General replaced Philip II as the supreme authority of the Dutch Republic in 1581.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_General_of_the_Netherlands]

b: 131 - '''Brussels Commune''' 
An allusion to the Paris Commune of 1871.
The Paris Commune (French: Commune de Paris, pronounced [kɔ.myn də pa.ʁi]) was a French revolutionary government that seized power in Paris from 18 March to 28 May 1871. During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71, the French National Guard had defended Paris, and working-class radicalism grew among its soldiers. Following the establishment of the Third Republic in September 1870 (under French chief executive Adolphe Thiers from February 1871) and the complete defeat of the French Army by the Germans by March 1871, soldiers of the National Guard seized control of the city on March 18. They killed two French army generals and refused to accept the authority of the Third Republic, instead attempting to establish an independent government.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_Commune]

The Commune governed Paris for two months, establishing policies that tended toward a progressive, anti-religious system of their own self-styled socialism, which was an eclectic mix of many 19th-century schools. These policies included the separation of church and state, self-policing, the remission of rent, the abolition of child labor, and the right of employees to take over an enterprise deserted by its owner. All Catholic churches and schools were closed. Feminist, communist, old style social democracy (a mix of reformism and revolutionism), and anarchist currents, among other socialist types, played important roles in the Commune.

b: 131 - '''Leonard I, Baron of Taxis''' 
At the death of Francisco in 1517, Emperor Charles V appointed Francisco's nephew Johann Baptista von Taxis (1470-1541) as Generalpostmeister of the Kaiserliche Reichspost. Johann Baptista was briefly succeeded by his eldest son, Franz II von Taxis (1514-1543), after whose untimely death the family split into two further branches. The youngest son, Leonhard I von Taxis, succeeded as Generalpostmeister and is the ancestor of the princely Thurn and Taxis family. Johann Baptista's second-eldest son, Raymond de Tassis (1515-1579), took over the office of postmaster-general to the Crown of Spain and settled in Spain.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thurn_und_Taxis]

b: 131 - '''Gentleman of the Emperor's Privy Chamber''' 
The Holy Roman Emperor had nothing called a privy chamber. This is an English institution.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor]
The Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber were noble-born servants to the Crown who would wait and attend on the King in private, as well as during various court activities, functions and entertainments.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privy_chamber]

b: 131 - '''Baron of Buysinghen''' 
A city south of Brussels in Belgium.[https://geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-2728419&fid=510&c=belgium]

b: 131 - '''Jan Hinckart''' 
In 1492 Jan van Baexen became the new lord. He was married to Elisabeth van Harff. In 1500 the loan was split. Half of it went to the three brothers of Jan and their descendants, each getting one-sixth. The other half went to Willem Hinckart and Goyert van Harff.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieuw-Herlaer_Castle]

b: 131 - '''Lord of Ohain''' 
Ohain is a Belgian village and district of the municipality of Lasne, Wallonia in the province of Walloon Brabant.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohain,_Belgium]

b: 131 - '''Calavera''' 
Tristero’s surname means skull or skeleton, and can also refer to Day of the Dead confections.[https://translate.google.com/details?sl=auto&tl=en&text=calavera&op=translate][https://www.alexandani.com/blogs/the-wire/history-and-symbolism-of-the-calavera]

b: 131 - '''Alexander Farnese''' 
Alexander Farnese (27 August 1545 – 3 December 1592) was an Italian noble and condottiero, who was Duke of Parma, Piacenza and Castro from 1586 to 1592, as well as Governor of the Spanish Netherlands from 1578 to 1592. As a general of the Spanish army during the Dutch revolt, Farnese captured more than thirty towns in what is now Belgium between 1581 and 1587 and returned them to the control of Habsburg Spain.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Farnese,_Duke_of_Parma]

b: 132 - '''Bohemian''' 
Bohemia is the westernmost and largest historical region of the Czech Republic. Bohemia can also refer to a wider area consisting of the historical Lands of the Bohemian Crown ruled by the Bohemian kings, including Moravia and Czech Silesia, in which case the smaller region is referred to as Bohemia proper as a means of distinction.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohemia]

b: 132 - '''Rudolph II''' 
Rudolf II (18 July 1552 – 20 January 1612) was Holy Roman Emperor (1576–1612), King of Hungary and Croatia (as Rudolf I, 1572–1608), King of Bohemia (1575–1608/1611) and Archduke of Austria (1576–1608). He was a member of the House of Habsburg.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor]

b: 132 - '''El Desheredado''' 
The Disinherited.[https://translate.google.com/details?sl=auto&tl=en&text=desheredado&op=translate]

b: 132 - '''tasso''' 
Badger in Italian. This is on the Thurn and Taxis coat of arms.[https://translate.google.com/details?sl=it&tl=en&text=tasso&op=translate]

b: 132 - '''Bergamascan''' 
Bergamo is a city in the alpine Lombardy region of Northern Italy, approximately 40 km (25 mi) northeast of Milan, and about 30 km (19 mi) from Switzerland, the alpine lakes Como and Iseo and 70 km (43 mi) from Garda and Maggiore. The Bergamo Alps (Alpi Orobie) begin immediately north of the city.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergamo]

b: 132 - '''sub rosa''' 
Covertly or in secret; confidentially, privately, secretly. Literally under the rose.[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sub_rosa]

b: 133 - '''Napa Valley''' 
Napa Valley is an American Viticultural Area (AVA) located in Napa County, California. It was established by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF) on January 27, 1981. Napa Valley is considered one of the premier wine regions in the world. Records of commercial wine production in the region date back to the nineteenth century,[5] but premium wine production dates back only to the 1960s.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napa_Valley_AVA]

b: 133 - '''muscatel''' 
Muscatel is a type of wine made from muscat grapes. The term is now normally used in the United States to refer to a fortified wine made from these grapes rather than just any wine made from these grapes. This fortified muscatel became popular in the United States when, at the end of prohibition, in order to meet the large demand for wine, some poor strains of muscat grapes (used normally for table grapes or raisins) mixed with sugar and cheap brandy were used to produce what has since become infamous as a '''wino wine'''. This kind of fortified wine has, in the United States, damaged the reputation of all muscat-based wines and the term muscatel tends no longer to be used for these "better" wines in the United States. In other markets the term Muscatel, or Moscatel, refers to a wide range of sweet wines based on these grapes.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscatel] This would not be the premium wine production for which Napa Valley is now famous.

b: 133 - '''phantom limb''' 
A phantom limb is the sensation that an amputated or missing limb is still attached. It is a chronic condition which is often resistant to treatment.[1] When the cut ends of sensory fibres are stimulated during thigh movements, the patient feels as if the sensation is arising from the non-existent limb. Sometimes the patient might feel pain in the non-existent limb.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phantom_limb]

b: 133 - '''prosthetic device''' 
A prosthetic device is an artificial device that replaces a missing body part, which may be lost through physical trauma, disease, or a condition present at birth (congenital disorder). Prostheses are intended to restore the normal functions of the missing body part.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosthesis]

b: 134 - '''Alexandrine of Rye''' 
Alexandrine von Taxis (1 August 1589 – 26 December 1666), was a German noblewoman who served as Imperial General Postmaster of the Kaiserliche Reichspost, the General Post Office of the Holy Roman Empire, as well as the Post Master of the Spanish Netherlands, from 1628 until 1646.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandrine_von_Taxis]

b: 135 - '''Lamoral II-Claudius-Franz''' 
Lamoral II Claudius Franz, Count of Thurn and Taxis (14 February 1621 (baptized) – 13 September 1676) was a German nobleman and Imperial Postmaster. He took over the post of Imperial Postmaster General from his mother when he came of age in 1646. He obtained permission from the Emperor in 1650 to change his family name to von Thurn, Valsassina und Taxis, but then opted for the shorter von Thurn und Taxis (or de la Tour et Tassis in French). He and his mother were instrumental in the organization of the Imperial postal system. After the end of the Thirty Years' War, he successfully competed against the many postal systems of the German states. He was, however, unable to regain a legal monopoly. He also participated in the negotiations that led to the Treaty of Westphalia.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamoral_II_Claudius_Franz,_Count_of_Thurn_and_Taxis]

b: 135 - '''Brussels''' 
The City of Brussels is the largest municipality and historical centre of the Brussels-Capital Region, as well as the capital of the Flemish Region (from which it is separate) and Belgium.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Brussels]

b: 135 - '''Antwerp''' 
Antwerp is a city and a municipality in the Flemish Region of Belgium.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antwerp]

b: 135 - '''Thirty Years War''' 
The Thirty Years' War,[j] from 1618 to 1648, was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history. Fought primarily in Central Europe, an estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died from the effects of battle, famine, or disease, while parts of Germany reported population declines of over 50%.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War]

b: 135 - '''Peace of Westphalia''' 
The Peace of Westphalia is the collective name for two peace treaties signed in October 1648 in the Westphalian cities of Osnabrück and Münster. They ended the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) and brought peace to the Holy Roman Empire, closing a calamitous period of European history that killed approximately eight million people. Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III, the kingdoms of France and Sweden, and their respective allies among the princes of the Holy Roman Empire, participated in the treaties.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia]

b: 135 - '''particularism''' 
The principle that individual states, races of a federation, etc., may act independently of a central authority.[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/particularism]

b: 135 - '''Kirk Douglas''' 
was an American actor and filmmaker. After an impoverished childhood, he made his film debut in ''The Strange Love of Martha Ivers'' (1946) with Barbara Stanwyck. Douglas soon developed into a leading box-office star throughout the 1950s, known for serious dramas, including westerns and war films. During his career, he appeared in more than 90 films and was known for his explosive acting style.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirk_Douglas] Is it the chin dimple? or the style of acting that makes Bortz consider him as an avatar for the Konrad character?

b: 136 - '''Zeitgeist''' 
is an invisible agent, force, or daemon dominating the characteristics of a given epoch in world history.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeitgeist][https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/zeitgeist#English]

b: 136 - '''French Revolution''' 
The French Revolution was a period of political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789, and ended with the coup of 18 Brumaire in November 1799 and the formation of the French Consulate. Many of its ideas are considered fundamental principles of liberal democracy, while its values and institutions remain central to modern French political discourse.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Revolution]

b: 136 - '''Proclamation of 9th Frimaire, An III''' 
There doesn't appear to be such a proclamation. Frimaire was the third month in the French Republican Calendar. The month was named after the French word frimas 'frost'. It was the third month of the autumn quarter (mois d'automne). It started between 21 November and 23 November, ending between 20 December and 22 December. It follows Brumaire and precedes Nivôse.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frimaire] 9th Frimaire, An III = Saturday, November 29th, 1794. Some discussion from the Pynchon list-serve [https://waste.org/pipermail/pynchon-l/2009-July/116824.html here]

b: 137 - '''NYU''' 
New York University (NYU) is a private research university in New York City, United States. Chartered in 1831 by the New York State Legislature, NYU was founded in 1832 by Albert Gallatin as a non-denominational all-male institution near City Hall based on a curriculum focused on a secular education. The university moved in 1833 and has maintained its main campus in Greenwich Village surrounding Washington Square Park. Since then, the university has added an engineering school in Brooklyn's MetroTech Center and graduate schools throughout Manhattan.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_University]

b: 139 - '''Scott catalogue''' 
The Scott catalogue of postage stamps, published by Scott Publishing Company, now a subsidiary of Amos Media, is updated annually and lists all the stamps of the world that its editors recognize as issued for postal purposes.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_catalogue]

b: 140 - '''viscera''' 
Collectively, the internal organs of the body, especially those contained within the abdominal and thoracic cavities, such as the liver, heart, or stomach.[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/viscera]

b: 140 - '''indole alkaloids''' 
The action of some indole alkaloids has been known for ages. Aztecs used the psilocybin mushrooms which contain alkaloids psilocybin and psilocin.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indole_alkaloid]

b: 142 - '''Zumstein catalogue''' 
The Zumstein catalog is a postage stamp catalog from Switzerland. It has been issued regularly since 1909 and is considered to be an important reference work of Swiss philately. It is published in German and French languages.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zumstein_catalog]

b: 142 - '''Royal Philatelic Society''' 
The Royal Philatelic Society London (RPSL) is the oldest philatelic society in the world.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Philatelic_Society_London]

b: 142 - '''Dresden''' 
is the capital city of the German state of Saxony and it is the second most populous city after Leipzig.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dresden]

b: 142 - '''famous ''Bibliothéque des Timbrophiles'' of Jean-Baptiste Moens''' 
Jean-Baptiste Philippe Constant Moens (27 May 1833, Tournai – 28 April 1908) was a Belgian philatelist recognized as the first dealer in stamps for collectors.[1] He was one of the original philatelic journalists. He began the first French language philatelic monthly, Le Timbre-Poste, which ran from 1863 until 1900,[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Moens]

b: 142 - '''penumbra''' 
3. Something related to, connected to, and implied by, the existence of something else that is necessary for the second thing to be full and complete in its essential aspects.[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/penumbra]

b: 142 - '''battle of Austerlitz''' 
The Battle of Austerlitz (2 December 1805/11 Frimaire An XIV FRC), also known as the Battle of the Three Emperors, was one of the most important military engagements of the Napoleonic Wars.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Austerlitz]

b: 143 - '''Frankfurt Assembly''' 
The Frankfurt Parliament (German: Frankfurter Nationalversammlung, literally Frankfurt National Assembly) was the first freely elected parliament for all German states, including the German-populated areas of the Austrian Empire,[1] elected on 1 May 1848.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt_Parliament]

b: 143 - '''Buda-Pesth at the barricades''' 
The national insurrection against the Habsburgs began in the Hungarian capital in 1848 and was defeated one and a half years later, with the help of the Russian Empire.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest#Contemporary_history_after_Unification]

b: 143 - '''watchmakers of the Jura''' 
The Swiss canton of Jura is known for watchmaking. The king of Burgundy donated much of the land that today makes up canton Jura to the bishop of Basel in 999. The area was a sovereign state within the Holy Roman Empire for more than 800 years. After the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, the Jura had close ties with the Swiss Confederation. At the Congress of Vienna (1815), the Jura region became part of the canton of Bern. This act caused dissension. The Jura was French-speaking and Roman Catholic, whereas the canton of Bern was mostly German-speaking and Protestant.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton_of_Jura]

b: 143 - '''great postal reform''' 
An Act of Congress of March 3, 1845 (effective July 1, 1845), established uniform (and mostly reduced) postal rates throughout the nation, with a uniform rate of five cents for distances under 300 miles (500 km) and ten cents for distances between 300 and 3,000 miles.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_United_States#Provisional_issue_stamps]

b: 143 - '''Siouan and Athapascan dialects''' 
Sioux are groups of Native American tribes and First Nations people from the Great Plains of North America. The Sioux have two major linguistic divisions: the Dakota and Lakota peoples.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sioux] Athabaskan is a large family of Indigenous languages of North America, located in western North America in three areal language groups: Northern, Pacific Coast and Southern (or Apachean).[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athabaskan_languages]

b: 144 - '''1893 Columbian Exposition Issue''' 
The stamp commemorates the exposition that dominates the first section of ''Against the Day''.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World%27s_Columbian_Exposition#Notable_firsts]

b: 148 - '''Pullman cars''' 
Pullman is the term for railroad sleeping cars that were built and operated by the Pullman Company (founded by George Pullman) from 1867 to December 31, 1968.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pullman_(car_or_coach)]

b: 149 - '''Plymouths''' 
For much of its life, Plymouth was one of the top-selling American automobile brands; it, together with Chevrolet and Ford, was commonly referred to as the "low-priced three" marques in the American market. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plymouth_(automobile)#Great_Depression,_1930s%E2%80%931940s]

b: 150 - '''Orange County''' 
Orange County is sometimes divided into northern and southern regions. There are significant political, demographic, economic and cultural distinctions between North and South Orange County. The southern region is wealthier and predominately Republican historically.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_County,_California#Regions_of_Orange%20County]

b: 150 - '''administrator ''de bonis non'' ''' 
De bonis non administratis, Latin for "of goods not administered," is a legal term for assets remaining in an estate after the death or removal of the estate administrator. The second administrator is called the administrator de bonis non and distributes the remaining assets. In the United States's Uniform Probate Code, these titles have been replaced by successor personal representative.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_bonis_non_administratis]

a:181 - '''She had heard all about excluded middles''' 
The law of the excluded middle (or "principle") is one of three of Aristotelean laws of thought and logic along with the law of non-contradiciton and the law of identity. The law holds that for every proposition either this proposition or its negation is true. The law was the subject of intense mathematical and logical debate between the Formalist and Intuitionists during the 19th and early 20th centuries and was reformulated by Whitehead and Russell in the Principia Mathematica, becoming foundational both for Russellian set theory, Godel's number theory and the creation of Turing machines. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_excluded_middle]

a:181 '''For it was now like walking among matrices of a great digital computer, the zeroes and ones twinned above''' 
Continues the exploration of the either/or logic of the law of the excluded middle and its basis at the origins of modern computers. Oedipa has entered the paradoxical impossibility of a proposition holding that Tristero simultaneously is and is not.

b: 151 - '''Mozambique triangles'''
The Kionga Triangle was a tiny territory on the border between German East Africa (present-day United Republic of Tanzania) and the Portuguese colony of Mozambique (present day Republic of Mozambique), originally Portuguese, but occupied by German forces in 1894, and recaptured by the Portuguese forces in 1916. The triangle was the only German territory that the post-war Treaty of Versailles awarded to Portugal.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Kionga]
{{CL49 PbP}}

Chapter 5

2025-02-17T15:28:52Z

Geronimo:

{{CL49 PbP Text}}

b: 80 - '''German-baroque''' 
The Baroque style used contrast, movement, exuberant detail, deep color, grandeur, and surprise to achieve a sense of awe. In Germany baroque style arrived as the counter-reformation.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_Germany#Baroque]
Here is a Germany travel guide on Baroque German Cities [https://www.germany.travel/en/cities-culture/baroque-cities.html Baroque Cities]

b: 81 - '''Shattuck Avenue''' 
A major thoroughfare of the city of Berkeley and the University of California, Berkeley.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shattuck_Avenue]

a: 101, b: 81 - '''Plays of Ford, Webster, Tourneur and Wharfinger''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Ford_(dramatist) '''John Ford'''] is famous for [http://books.google.com/books?id=EgxYEemQXEsC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Tis+pity+she%27s+a+whore&as_brr=1 '''''Tis pity she's a whore'''''], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Webster '''John Webster'''] wrote [http://books.google.com/books?id=sxdMAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA139&dq=The+Duchess+of+Malfi&as_brr=1 '''''The Duchess of Malfi'''''] and [http://www.enotes.com/literary-criticism/tourneur-cyril '''Cyril Tourneur'''] wrote [http://books.google.com/books?id=0vwkAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA241&dq=The+Atheist%27s+Tragedy&as_brr=1 '''''The Atheist's Tragedy'''''], while the [http://books.google.com/books?id=sxdMAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA335&dq=Revenger%27s+Tragedy&as_brr=1 '''''Revenger's Tragedy'''''] is ascribed to Tourneur with a great deal of controversy as regards authorship.

b: 81 - '''Quarto''' A format of a book or pamphlet produced from full sheets printed with eight pages of text, four to a side, then folded twice to produce four leaves. The leaves are then trimmed along the folds to produce eight book pages. Each printed page presents as one-fourth size of the full sheet. Establishes the time period of the "text".[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarto]

b: 82 - '''Alexandrine''' 
A line of poetic meter comprising 12 syllables. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandrine]

b: 82 - '''Folio''' 
A folio is made up of one or more full sheets of paper, on each of which four pages of text are printed, two on each side; each sheet is then folded once to produce two leaves. Each leaf of a folio book thus is one half the size of the original sheet. Ordinarily, additional printed folio sheets would be inserted inside one another to form a group or "gathering" of leaves prior to binding the book.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folio]

b: 82 - '''Whitechapel''' 
A East London, East End that has a long history. Whitechapel's spine is the old Roman Road, that ran from the Aldgate on London's Wall, to Colchester in Essex (Roman Britannia's first capital), and beyond. This road, which was later named the Great Essex Road, is now designated the A11. This historic route has the names Whitechapel High Street and Whitechapel Road as it passes through, or along the boundary, of Whitechapel. For many centuries travellers to and from London on this route were accommodated at the many coaching inns which lined Whitechapel High Street.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitechapel]

b: 82 - '''Wheeler Hall''' and '''Sather Gate''' 
Both of these national historical landmarks demonstrate Pynchon's eye for detail regarding location and setting. Wheeler Hall is in the Classical Revival style and named after Benjamin Ide Wheeler, philologist and university president.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheeler_Hall] Sather Gate, also in the Classical Revival Beaux-Arts style. The gate opens into the Sproul Plaza, the plaza where the busy protesting occurs.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sather_Gate]

b: 82 - '''a plaza teeming with...''' 
This is Sproul Plaza with a combination of a stairway that can be used as a large raised platform and a ready audience makes Upper Sproul Plaza a popular location for student protests, the first of which occurred in 1964 with the Free Speech Movement.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sproul_Plaza]

a: 103, b: 83 - '''FSM's, YAF's, VDC's''' 
Free Speech Movement, Young Americans for Freedom, and Vietnam Day Committee. The Free Speech Movement was a long-lasting protest on the University of California, Berkeley campus. It demanded that students be allowed to freely discuss the Vietnam War.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Speech_Movement] The Young Americans for Freedom was a conservative student coalition that supported Barry Goldwater in 1964. It was made up of conservatives and libertarians.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_Americans_for_Freedom] The VDC was a coalition of left-wing political groups, student groups, labour organizations, and pacifist religions in America that opposed the Vietnam War. It was formed in Berkeley in 1965 and was active through the majority of the war. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_Day_Committee]

a: 103, b: 83 - '''a national reflex to certain pathologies in high places only death had the power to cure''' 
Presumably, the McCarthy era, which only ended with McCarthy's death in 1957.

a: 103, b: 83 - '''Siwash''' 
A fictional college in stories by George Fitch (d. 1915), American author. Also, a small usually inland college that is notably provincial in outlook.

Also related to Native Americans?
:Since "Siwash" is here compared to Berkeley university, I'd say no. [[User:Bleakhaus|Bleakhaus]]

b: 83 - '''Hondas and Suzukis''' 
These Japanese motorcycles, which were flooding the market by the early 1960s, exemplify the beginning of the fall of American manufacturing. By 1964, Honda had become the world's largest manufacturer of motorcycles.[https://www.bdhonda.com/about-us/honda-history] Meanwhile Suzuki had established a subsidiary in Los Angeles to produce motorcycles for US consumers.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzuki]

a: 104, b: 83 - '''Secretaries James and Foster and Senator Joseph''' 
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Forrestal James Forrestal], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles John Foster Dulles], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_McCarthy Joseph McCarthy].

a: 104, b: 84 - '''a shirt on various Polynesian themes and dating from the Truman administration''' 
Recalls the shirt worn by Slothrop in Part 2 of ''Gravity's Rainbow'', even though that one was Hawaiian and worn a few months before Truman took office.

b: 84 - '''Watusi''' 
The Watusi is a solo dance that enjoyed brief popularity during the early 1960s. It was one of the most popular dance crazes of the 1960s in the United States.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watusi_(dance)] Nefastis probably watches American Bandstand, the popular music/dance show that aired on Saturday mornings. The show had recently (1963) moved to Los Angeles from Philadelphia.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Bandstand]

b: 84 - '''simpatico''' 
Two definitions of simpatico, 1) having a compatible temperament or pleasing qualities; 2) compatible (with a person, thing, etc.). Which definition applies to Nefastis?[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/simpatico].

b: 84-85 - '''entropy''' 
This is the first mention of entropy in the book. Nefastis identifies two areas of entropy theory: thermodynamics and information theory. Entropy is a scientific concept that is most commonly associated with a state of disorder, randomness, or uncertainty. The term and the concept are used in diverse fields, from classical thermodynamics, where it was first recognized, to the microscopic description of nature in statistical physics, and to the principles of information theory.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy] Nefastis finally describes it as a "figure of speech, ...a metaphor" which connects [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamics thermodynamics] to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_theory information theory].

b: 84 - '''Maxwell's Demon''' 
Maxwell's demon is a thought experiment that appears to disprove the second law of thermodynamics. It was proposed by the physicist James Clerk Maxwell in 1867.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell%27s_demon]

b: 85 - '''Yogi Bear''' 
Yogi Bear is an anthropomorphic animal character who has appeared in numerous comic books, animated television shows, and films. He made his debut in 1958 as a supporting character in The Huckleberry Hound Show.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogi_Bear]

b: 85 - '''Magilla Gorilla''' 
Magilla Gorilla (voiced by Allan Melvin) is a fun-loving yet trouble-prone anthropomorphic Western gorilla who spends his time languishing in the front display window of Melvin Peebles' pet shop, eating bananas and being a drain on the shop's finances.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magilla_Gorilla]

b: 85 - '''Peter Potamus''' 
Peter Potamus is a purple animated hippopotamus that first appeared in the 1964–1966 animated television series The Peter Potamus Show, produced by Hanna-Barbera and first broadcast on September 16, 1964.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Potamus]

b: 88 - '''Wells Fargo''' 
Surviving the Panic of 1855 gave Wells Fargo two advantages. First, it faced virtually no competition in the banking and express business in California after the crisis; second, Wells Fargo attained a reputation for dependability and soundness. From 1855 through 1866, Wells Fargo expanded rapidly, becoming the West's all-purpose business, communications, and transportation agent.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wells_Fargo_(1852%E2%80%931998)]

a: 110, b: 88 - '''Roos Atkins''' 
Chain of upscale men's clothing stores in San Francisco [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roos/Atkins]

b: 88 - '''North Beach''' 
North Beach is a neighborhood in the northeast of San Francisco adjacent to Chinatown, the Financial District, and Russian Hill.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Beach,_San_Francisco]

b: 88 - '''cerise''' 
a deep, bright red color tinted with pink.[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cerise]

b: 89 - '''Finocchio's''' 
Finocchio's Club was a former nightclub and bar in operation from 1936 to 1999 in North Beach, San Francisco, California.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finocchio%27s_Club] Finocchio is also a fennel called Florence fennel.[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/finocchio]

a: 112, b: 90 - '''sinophile''' 
Someone fond of chinese culture. On occasion, the term is used to describe people who exhibit a sexual preference for Chinese or Asian partners. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinophile] The character being referred to is John Nefastis, who likes to do it when "there is something about China" on TV.

b: 91 - '''Inamorati Anonymous''' 
A lover, a gallant [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/inamorato#English] Anonymous alluding to Alcoholics Anonymous or other addiction recovery organizations. No meetings, just someone to help if they call a toll-free number. Much like the black musician in "A Secret Integration" from ''Slow Learner''.

b: 92 - '''The Stack''' 
The Stack interchange involved a complex set of exit and entry ramps of 3, 4 and even 5 levels built around the country.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack_interchange] The first stack interchange was the Four Level Interchange (renamed the Bill Keene Memorial Interchange), built in Los Angeles, California, and completed in 1949, at the junction of US Route 101 (US 101) and State Route 110 (SR 110).[https://www.pbssocal.org/shows/lost-la/l-a-s-famous-four-level-freeway-interchange-the-stack-turns-58]

b: 92 - '''taking his Brody''' 
Generally spelled Brodie, after Steve Brodie, who claimed to have jumped off the Brooklyn Bridge and survived. The phrase became vernacular for suicide attempts or taking great risks. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Brodie_(bridge_jumper)]

b: 92 - '''Bhuddist Monk in Vietnam who set himself on fire''' 
This would be Thích Quảng Đức who was a Vietnamese Mahayana Buddhist monk who died by self-immolation at a busy Saigon road intersection on 11 June 1963. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%ADch_Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c]

b: 92 - '''Groovy''' 
Opposite of square. Groovy is originally an expression from jazz, meaning musical, playable, as in a groovy record. The groove of the record has beat and soul. Something or someone groovy has beat and soul. The term was adopted by the musically inclined countercultures of beatniks and hippies. [https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=groovy] Hardly a term to describe the self-immolation, nor does it seem typical of a military industrial corporation mid-level executive.

b: 92 - '''Buick''' 
One of the oldest automobile companies still in operation. In the sixties they would have been a typical car for a mid-level executive. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buick#1960s]

b: 92 - '''Zachary All suit''' 
Zachary All Clothing on Wilshire Boulevard provided inexpensive suits with salesmen who were professional tailors. [https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-los-angeles-times-the-amazing-story/145835993/] The owner of the store was Edward Nalbandian, a local, Armenian-American businessman who made commercials that included such lines as "Eddie, are you joking? No, I am not joking." which inspired a song by Frank Zappa. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Nalbandian]

b: 93 - '''Zippo''' 
A Zippo lighter is a reusable metal lighter produced by Zippo Manufacturing Company of Bradford, Pennsylvania, United States. In ''Bloods: An Oral History of the Vietnam War by Black Veterans'' (1984), describe the use of Zippo lighters in search and destroy missions during the Vietnam War. Edwards stated: "when you say level a village, you don't use torches. It's not like in the 1800s. You used a Zippo." [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zippo]

b: 93 - '''hedgerows of Normandy''' 
Normandy was the scene of furious fights several weeks after June 6, 1944. After the battle of the beaches, what historians today commonly call the “hedge war” begins with reference to the particular nature of the terrain on which To evolve the belligerent forces. The hedge warfare, also known as the “bocage”, began as early as the day after D-Day and ended at the end of August 1944, when the Allied troops ended up liberating most part of the present-day Basse-Normandie.[https://www.dday-overlord.com/en/battle-of-normandy/tactics/hedgerow-warfare]

b: 93 - '''the Ardennes''' 
The Ardennes is a region of extensive forests, rough terrain, rolling hills and ridges primarily in Belgium and Luxembourg, extending into Germany and France. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ardennes] It was the setting for the Battle of the Bulge after the Normandy landing. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bulge] By identifying Normandy, Ardennes and Germany, Pynchon shows the executive and founder of IA to have been involved in the European front through the end of WWII. He obviously had seen his share of combat.

b: 93 - '''efficiency expert''' 
An efficiency expert consults with a company to find redundancies and inefficiencies. [https://ecminstitute.com/cee-certified-efficiency-expert/] There is an Edgar Rice Boroughs book titled ''The Efficiency Expert''' written in 1921. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Efficiency_Expert_(novel)]

a: 115, b: 93 - '''IBM 7094''' 
At the time of publishing, this was the top-of-the-line computer. One of those HUGE room sized ones.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_7090#IBM_7094]

b: 94 - '''Chinatown''' 
The Chinatown in San Francisco is one of the largest in North America and the oldest north of Mexico. It served as a port of entry for early Chinese immigrants from the 1850s to the 1900s. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinatown#outsideofasia]

b: 94 - '''herbalist''' 
A Chinese herbalist would use Chinese herbology, the theory of traditional Chinese herbal therapy, which accounts for the majority of treatments in traditional Chinese medicine. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_herbology]

b: 94 - '''ideographs''' 
Pynchon uses "ideographs" to describe Chinese characters, which are actually logographs. Chinese characters[a] are used to write the Chinese languages and others from regions historically influenced by Chinese culture. Chinese characters have a documented history spanning over three millennia, representing one of the four independent inventions of writing accepted by scholars; of these, they comprise the only writing system continuously used since its invention. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_characters]

b: 95 - '''sonorous''' 
Full of sound and rich, as in language or verse. [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sonorous]

b: 96 - '''Golden Gate Park''' 
Golden Gate Park is an urban park between the Richmond and Sunset districts of San Francisco, United States. It is the largest park in the city, containing 1,017 acres (412 ha), and the third-most visited urban park in the United States, with an estimated 24 million visitors annually. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Gate_Park]

a: 119, b: 96 - '''Jesus Arrabal''' 
[http://tinyurl.com/37pbq5 '''''Jesus Arrabal''''] conflates [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus '''''Jesus''''] a word, generally fixed in meaning as the figure at the Center of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity '''''Christianity'''''], [and also a common [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10673c.htm '''''Christian Name'''''] in Catholic Latin American], with [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_influence_on_Spanish '''''Arrabal'''''] a Spanish word that grew from Arab roots, arrabal (suburb - al-rabad). The word changed in meaning over time to include the suburbs, the outlands, and the slums, all zones of exclusion. The word [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_Arrabal '''''Arrabal'''''] as a proper name leads us to Fernando Arrabal, noted playwright working in the Theater of the Absurd.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_Arrabal] It may also refer to James Jesus Angleton, a high-ranking CIA official who led Operation Chaos against domestic dissidents.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Jesus_Angleton] Finally, spoken aloud it sounds like '''Jesus 'orrible'''. See '''a: 129, b: 105 - '''high magic to low puns''', below.

a: 119, b: 96 - '''Conjuración de los Insurgentes Anarquistas''' 
A fictional Anarchist organization with the acronym [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency '''C.I.A.'''], a pun that serves to remind us once again of the secretive intelligence organization. [http://www.answers.com/topic/conspiracy?cat=biz-fin '''Conjuración'''] is both conjuration and conspiracy, so it is both a Conspiracy of Insurgent Anarchists and a Conjuration of Insurgent Anarchists. As in both [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan%27s_Labyrinth '''''Pan's Labyrinth'''''] and [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page '''''Against the Day'''''] there is an Anarchist/Magical co-conspiracy.

a: 119, b: 96 - '''Flores Magon brothers''' 
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricardo_Flores_Mag%C3%B3n Ricardo], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jes%C3%BAs_Flores_Mag%C3%B3n Jesús] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_Flores_Mag%C3%B3n Enrique] Flores Magón led anarchist movements in Mexico in the early 1900's. Magonism (Spanish: Magonismo) is an anarchist, or more precisely anarcho-communist, school of thought precursor of the Mexican Revolution of 1910. It is mainly based on the ideas of Ricardo Flores Magón, his brothers Enrique and Jesús, and also other collaborators of the Mexican newspaper [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regeneraci%C3%B3n Regeneración].[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magonism]

a: 119, b: 96 - '''Zapata''' 
Emiliano Zapata was another Mexican revolutionary in the early 1900's.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emiliano_Zapata]

b: 97 - '''yucateco''' 
A member of the Mayan people of the Yucatan peninsula of Mexico.[https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/Yucateco]

b: 97 - '''oligarchist''' 
Jesús means oligarch, a member of the elite of an oligarchy, which is a conceptual form of power structure in which power rests with a small number of people. These people may or may not be distinguished by one or several characteristics, such as nobility, fame, wealth, education, or corporate, religious, political, or military control.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligarchy]

b: 97 - '''pobrecito''' 
Jesús refers to Oedipa as pobrecito, a Spanish word that translates to poor, little thing. Does he mean to show empathy or belittle her?[https://reflectivemeded.org/2019/02/05/pobrecito-the-fine-line-between-compassion-and-infantilization/]

b: 97 - '''Bakunin''' 
Mikhail Bakunin was a Russian revolutionary anarchist. He is among the most influential figures of anarchism and a major figure in the revolutionary socialist, social anarchist,[5] and collectivist anarchist traditions. Bakunin's prestige as a revolutionary also made him one of the most famous ideologues in Europe, gaining substantial influence among radicals throughout Russia and Europe.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin] Bakunin elaborates on his definition of miracles in "God and the State".[http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/Anarchist_Archives/bakunin/godandstate/godandstate_ch1.html]

b: 97 - '''cataclysm''' 
Jesús explains that when two different worlds collide, they create a cataclysm. This is how he feels about his meeting with Pierce. A cataclysm is a sudden, violent event, often geological.[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cataclysm]

b: 97 - '''señá''' 
Jesús says "And yet, señá, if any of it should ever really ahppen that perfectly, I would aalso have to cry miracle. Jesús appears to claim that he is giving Oedipa a hint, clue or point in the right direction. [https://m.interglot.com/es/en/se%C3%B1%C3%A1]

b: 97 - '''privilegiado''' 
Jesús refers to the privileged class in Mexico, which he still considered to be humble on some level, unlike Pierce.[https://translate.google.com/details?sl=es&tl=en&text=privilegiado&op=translate]

b: 97 - '''a Virgin appearing to an Indian''' 
Jesús probably means Juan Diego, an Aztec, and Our Lady of Guadelupe.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Guadalupe] Jesús uses this as an example of his definition of "miracle". [https://www.terraamericanart.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/MySymbolsMyIdentity_VirgenHandout.pdf]

b: 98 - '''priistas''' 
Members of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (Spanish: Partido Revolucionario Institucional or PRI): a Mexican political party. It was formed in 1929 and was the dominant political party for much of the 20th century.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institutional_Revolutionary_Party]

b: 98 - '''Anarcho-syndicalism''' 
is a political philosophy and anarchist school of thought that views revolutionary industrial unionism or syndicalism as a method for workers in capitalist society to gain control of an economy and thus control influence in broader society.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarcho-syndicalism]

b: 98 - '''Regeneración''' 
Here are some examples of the Mexican anarcho-syndicalist newspaper, but from 1913-1915.[https://californiarevealed.org/search?search_api_fulltext=Regeneracion&op=Search]

b: 98 - '''Negroes''' 
In the English language, the term negro (or sometimes negress for a female) is a term historically used to refer to people of Black African heritage. The term negro means the color black in Spanish and Portuguese (from Latin niger), where English took it from.[1] The term can be viewed as offensive, inoffensive, or completely neutral, largely depending on the region or country where it is used, as well as the time period and context in which it is applied. It has various equivalents in other languages of Europe. Pynchon's use of the term timestamps the book in the early sixties, as the terms "black" and "African-American" haven't entered the American vernacular.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negro]

b: 98 - '''Fillmore''' 
The Fillmore District is a historical neighborhood in San Francisco located to the southwest of Nob Hill, west of Market Street and north of the Mission District.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fillmore_District,_San_Francisco] It would be an interesting exercise to map Oedipa's route through the Bay area.

b: 99 - '''transistor radio''' 
A transistor radio is a small portable radio receiver that uses transistor-based circuitry. Following the invention of the transistor in 1947—which revolutionized the field of consumer electronics by introducing small but powerful, convenient hand-held devices—the Regency TR-1 was released in 1954 becoming the first commercial transistor radio.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor_radio] Another timestamp for the book.

b: 99 - '''Top 200''' 
On August 4, 1958, Billboard premiered one main all-genre singles chart: the Hot 100, with "Poor Little Fool" by Ricky Nelson its first No. 1. The Hot 100 quickly became the industry standard and Billboard discontinued the Best Sellers In Stores chart on October 13, 1958.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100] Pynchon probably exaggerates the number by doubling it to emphasize the low popularity of the songs.

b: 99 - '''Out at the airport''' 
San Francisco International Airport is the primary international airport serving the San Francisco Bay Area in the U.S. state of California. It is located in San Mateo County. As Oedipa walks around the airport this is another pre-9-11 timestamp when people could wander the airport without security checks.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_International_Airport]

b: 99 - '''Alameda County''' 
Alameda County is a county located in the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 1,682,353,[4][6] making it the 7th-most populous county in the state[7] and 21st most populous nationally. The county seat is Oakland.[8] Alameda County is in the San Francisco Bay Area, occupying much of the East Bay region.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alameda_County,_California]

b: 100 - '''Marbling''' 
Marbling (intramuscular fat) is the intermingling or dispersion of fat within the lean. Graders evaluate the amount and distribution of marbling in the ribeye muscle at the cut surface after the carcass has been ribbed between the 12th and 13th ribs. Degree of marbling is the primary determination of quality grade.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marbled_meat]

b: 100 - '''Interregnum''' 
An intermission in any order of succession; any breach of continuity in action or influence. This is usually associated with the change in a leadership role, king, president, etc.[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/interregnum]

a: 125, b: 101 - '''jitney''' 
A type of taxi, but with a regular route, that stops at any point along the way that you want. It is also shared with other riders. Jitneys are run, usually, entrepreneurially and often unlicensed. A kind of off-the-grid "taxi".[https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/jitney][https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Share_taxi#Jitney]

b: 101 - '''Howard Street''' 
Howard Street is a street in San Francisco's South of Market District (SoMa). It begins after branching off from Van Ness Avenue near the Mission District, and then runs parallel to and between of Mission Street (to the North) and Folsom Street (to the South) towards The Embarcadero.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Street_(San_Francisco)]

b: 101 - '''The Embarcadero''' 
(Spanish for "Embarkment") is the eastern waterfront of Port of San Francisco and a major roadway in San Francisco, California. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embarcadero_(San_Francisco)]

b: 102 - '''Fresno''' 
Fresno (Spanish for 'Ash') is a major city in the San Joaquin Valley of California, United States. This is where the sailor says his wife lives. Interesting that she lives in an inland city rather than on the coast.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno,_California]

b: 102 - '''flinders''' 
fragments, splinters [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/flinders]

b: 103 - '''Homburg hat''' 
A homburg is a semi-formal hat of fur felt, characterized by a single dent running down the centre of the crown (called a "gutter crown"), a wide silk grosgrain hatband ribbon, a flat brim shaped in a "pencil curl", and a ribbon-bound trim about the edge of the brim. It is traditionally offered in black or grey.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homburg_hat]

b: 103 - '''beaverboard partitions''' 
Beaverboard (also beaver board) is a fiberboard building material, formed of wood fibre compressed into sheets.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaverboard]

b: 103 - '''picture of a saint''' 
The saint who changes water into oil for the lamps in Jerusalem is Saint Narcissus. This links back to chapter 2 and San Narciso.[https://www.franciscanmedia.org/saint-of-the-day/saint-narcissus-of-jerusalem/#:~:text=Saint%20Narcissus%20of%20Jerusalem's%20Story&text=The%20miracle%20for%20which%20Narcissus,in%20the%20late%20second%20century.] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcissus_of_Jerusalem]

b: 103 - '''Roos/Atkins suit'''
Roos/Atkins was the name of a chain of upscale men's clothing stores based in San Francisco, California. It was formed through a 1957 merger of the Robert Atkins and Roos Brothers clothiers. The chain expanded after World War II to include several locations throughout northern California, but declined in the 1980s; by the early 1990s all locations had been closed or sold to other retailers.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roos/Atkins]

b: 104 - '''Ramírez''' 
Ramírez is a Spanish-language patronymic surname of Germanic origin, meaning "son of Ramiro".[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram%C3%ADrez_(surname)]

b: 104 - '''Viking's funeral''' 
A Viking would be buried in a ship, usually burned at the site along with his possessions.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norse_funeral#shipburials] This alludes to Beowolf's ending as well.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beowulf]

b: 104 - '''DT's delirium tremens''' 
Delirium tremens (DTs; lit. 'mental disturbance with shaking') is a rapid onset of confusion usually caused by withdrawal from alcohol. When it occurs, it is often three days into the withdrawal symptoms and lasts for two to three days. Physical effects may include shaking, shivering, irregular heart rate, and sweating.[1] People may also hallucinate. Occasionally, a very high body temperature or seizures (colloquially known as "rum fits") may result in death.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delirium_tremens]

a: 129, b: 105 - '''time differential (dt)'''
A derivative of a variable or function with respect to time.[https://www.oed.com/dictionary/time-differential_n?tab=meaning_and_use]
(mathematics, calculus) A derivative of a function with respect to time, usually interpreted as the rate of change of the value of the function.[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/time_derivative#English]

a: 129, b: 105 - '''high magic to low puns''' 

see [[High_Magic_to_low_Puns|'''High Magic to Low Puns''']]

a: 129, b: 105 - '''spectra''' 
Plural of spectrum. a continuous, infinite, one-dimensional set, possibly bounded by extremes. Has other mathematical definitions.[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/spectrum#English]

b: 106 - '''Market Street''' 
Market Street is a major thoroughfare in San Francisco, California. It begins at The Embarcadero in front of the Ferry Building at the northeastern edge of the city and runs southwest through downtown, passing the Civic Center and the Castro District, to the intersection with Portola Drive in the Twin Peaks neighborhood.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_Street_(San_Francisco)]

b: 106 - '''City Hall''' 
San Francisco City Hall is the seat of government for the City and County of San Francisco, California. Re-opened in 1915 in its open space area in the city's Civic Center, it is a Beaux-Arts monument to the City Beautiful movement that epitomized the high-minded American Renaissance of the 1880s to 1917.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_City_Hall]

b: 106 - '''Civic Center''' 
The Civic Center in San Francisco, California, is an area located a few blocks north of the intersection of Market Street and Van Ness Avenue that contains many of the city's largest government and cultural institutions.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civic_Center,_San_Francisco]

b: 106 - '''trans-bay bus terminal''' 
The San Francisco Transbay Terminal was a transportation complex in San Francisco, California, United States, roughly in the center of the rectangle bounded north–south by Mission Street and Howard Street, and east–west by Beale Street and 2nd Street in the South of Market area of the city. It closed on August 7, 2010, to make way for the construction of the replacement facility, the Transbay Transit Center, and associated towers.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Transbay_Terminal]

b: 106 - '''Oakland''' 
Oakland is a city in the San Francisco Bay Area in the U.S. state of California.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oakland,_California]

b: 106 - '''Telegraph''' 
Telegraph Avenue is a street that begins, at its southernmost point, in the midst of the historic downtown district of Oakland, California, and ends, at its northernmost point, at the southern edge of the University of California, Berkeley campus in Berkeley, California. It is approximately 4.5 miles (7.2 km) in length.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegraph_Avenue]

b: 106 - '''Berkeley''' 
Berkeley is a city on the eastern shore of San Francisco Bay in northern Alameda County, California, United States. It is named after the 18th-century Anglo-Irish bishop and philosopher George Berkeley.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley,_California]

b: 107 - '''Harris tweed coat''' 
Harris tweed (Scottish Gaelic: Clò mór or Clò hearach) is a tweed cloth that is handwoven by islanders at their homes in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland, finished in the Outer Hebrides, and made from pure virgin wool dyed and spun in the Outer Hebrides. This definition, quality standards and protection of the Harris tweed name are enshrined in the Harris Tweed Act 1993.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harris_tweed]

b: 107 - '''waltz''' 
The waltz (from German Walzer [ˈvalt͡sɐ̯]), meaning "to roll or revolve")[1] is a ballroom and folk dance, normally in triple (3/4 time), performed primarily in closed position.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waltz]

b: 107 - '''tango''' 
Tango is a partner dance and social dance that originated in the 1880s along the Río de la Plata, the natural border between Argentina and Uruguay. The tango was born in the impoverished port areas of these countries from a combination of Argentine Milonga, Spanish-Cuban Habanera, and Uruguayan Candombe celebrations. In tango, the steps are typically more gliding, but can vary widely in timing, speed, and character, and follow no single specific rhythm. Because the dance is led and followed at the level of individual steps, these variations can occur from one step to the next. This allows the dancers to vary the dance from moment to moment to match the music (which often has both legato and/or staccato elements) and their mood.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tango]

b: 107 - '''two-step''' 
A two-step consists of two steps in approximately the same direction onto the same foot, separated by a joining or uniting step with the other foot. For example, a right two-step forward is a forward step onto the right foot, a closing step with the left foot, and a forward step onto the right foot. The closing step may be done directly beside the other foot, or obliquely beside, or even crossed, as long as the closing foot does not go past the other foot.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-step_(dance_move)] Or maybe they were dancing the country-western swing two-step. The country/western two-step, often called the Texas two-step or simply the two-step, is a country/western dance usually danced to country music in common time.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country-western_two-step]

b: 107 - '''bossa nova''' 
Bossa nova was also a fad dance that corresponded to the music. It was introduced in the late 1950s and faded out in the mid-sixties. A variant of basic 8-beat pattern was: "step forward, tap, step back, step together, repeat from the opposite foot".[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bossa_nova#dance]

b: 107 - '''slop''' 
Probably not what Pynchon intended, but it is interesting that slop is an acronym for Strategic lateral offset procedure (SLOP), which is a solution to a byproduct of increased navigation accuracy in aircraft. Because most now use GPS, aircraft track flight routes with extremely high accuracy. As a result, if an error in height occurs, there is a much higher chance of collision. SLOP allows aircraft to offset the centreline of an airway or flight route by a small amount, normally to the right, so that collision with opposite direction aircraft becomes unlikely.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_lateral_offset_procedure]

a: 132, b: 107 - '''Oedipa checked out of the hotel and drove down the peninsula''' 
This may be a continuity goof by Pynchon. "in chapter 5, Oedipa parks her car in San Francisco's North Beach, then spends the night wandering through the Bay Area on foot and by bus, ending up the next morning at her hotel in Berkeley; after a short sleep she "check out of the hotel and drove down the peninsula." How did her car get from San Francisco to Berkeley?" Edward Mendelson, "Gravity's Encyclopedia," fn. 12.

[[Image:airmail.png|thumb|150px|right|8 cent Airmail stamp]]

b: 108 - '''Gewehr 43''' 
The Gewehr 43 or Karabiner 43 (abbreviated G43, K43, Gew 43, Kar 43) is a 7.92×57mm Mauser caliber semi-automatic rifle developed by Germany during World War II.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gewehr_43] The rifle used a 7.92x57mm Mauser round, which Hilarius complains are defective.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7.92%C3%9757mm_Mauser]

b: 109 - '''PBX''' 
A PBX is a telephone exchange or switching system that serves a private organization. A PBX permits the sharing of central office trunks between internally installed telephones, and provides intercommunication between those internal telephones within the organization without the use of external lines.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_telephone_system#Private_branch_exchange]

b: 109 - '''hipshot''' 
(US, colloquial) Standing with one hip lower than the other.[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hipshot]

b: 109 - '''Speer and his ministry of cretins''' 
Albert Speer was Minister of Armaments and War Production for the Third Reich and Hitler's chief architect. Despite doubts about his credibility, at the Nuremberg trials, he was the only defendant to accept responsibility for his involvement with the Nazi regime, and was sentenced to 20 years in prison, while many of his colleagues were executed.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Speer]

b: 109 - '''karate-chop'''
A strike with the bottom side of an open hand.[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/karate_chop] Some interesting examples in the Urban Dictionary.[https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Karate%20Chop]

b: 109 - '''Freudian''' 
Hilarius means that he follows Sigmund Freud, who was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for evaluating and treating pathologies seen as originating from conflicts in the psyche, through dialogue between patient and psychoanalyst, and the distinctive theory of mind and human agency derived from it.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud] This method establishes an important theme in the book.

b: 109 - '''cantankerous''' 
Given to or marked by an ill-tempered, quarrelsome nature; ill-tempered, cranky, crabby. Cantankerous is generally used to describe an unpleasant elderly person in a slightly pejorative manner.[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cantankerous]

b: 109 - '''Jew''' 
The Jews (Hebrew: יְהוּדִים‎, Yehudim, Israeli pronunciation: [jehuˈdim]) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites of the ancient Near East, and whose traditional religion is Judaism.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jews] Preceded by cantankerous and spoken by a Nazi war criminal, this is used pejoratively by Hilarius.

b: 109 - '''nicht wahr''' 
German: not true? : isn't that so?[https://translate.google.com/details?sl=auto&tl=en&text=nicht%20wahr&op=translate]

b: 109 - '''penance''' 
A voluntary self-imposed punishment for a sinful act or wrongdoing. It may be intended to serve as reparation for the act.[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/penance]

b: 110 - '''Biedermeyer furniture''' 
The term derives from the fictional mediocre poet Gottlieb Biedermaier [sic], who featured in the Munich magazine Fliegende Blätter (Flying Leaves). It is used mostly to denote the unchallenging artistic styles that flourished in the fields of literature, music, the visual arts and interior design. Biedermeier has influenced later styles.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biedermeier]

b: 110 - '''slide whistle''' 
A slide whistle (variously known as a swanee or swannee whistle, lotus flute, piston flute, or jazz flute) is a wind instrument consisting of a fipple like a recorder's and a tube with a piston in it.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slide_whistle] Usually a children's toy, this makes for a derogatory image of a siren, silly at the least.

b: 110 - '''Your Israeli''' 
Obviously referring to citizens of the state of Israel, officially the State of Israel,[b] is a country in the Southern Levant, West Asia. It is bordered by Lebanon and Syria to the north, the West Bank and Jordan to the east, Egypt, the Gaza Strip and the Red Sea to the south, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel] Hilarius' paranoia runs deep for reasons soon discovered.

b: 110 - '''Zvi''' 
Zvi (Hebrew: צְבִי and צבי‎, Tzvi, Ṣvi, "gazelle") is a Jewish masculine given name.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zvi]

b: 110 - '''oubliette''' 
A dungeon only accessible by a trapdoor at the top.[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/oubliette] Quite a face!!

b: 111 - '''sling arms''' 
Here is an Army drill sergeant training [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=THZQsSE_Oz0 video] to show how it is done. There are so many military terms that both the narrator (understandable) and Oedipa (not clear why she knows and uses these terms) use.

b: 111 - '''reality principle''' 
In Freudian psychology and psychoanalysis, the reality principle is the ability of the mind to assess the reality of the external world, and to act upon it accordingly, as opposed to acting according to the pleasure principle. The reality principle is the governing principle of the actions taken by the ego, after its slow development from a "pleasure-ego" into a "reality-ego".[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reality_principle]

b: 111 - '''Buchenwald''' 
Buchenwald (German pronunciation: [ˈbuːxn̩valt]; literally 'beech forest') was a Nazi concentration camp established on Ettersberg [de] hill near Weimar, Germany, in July 1937. It was one of the first and the largest of the concentration camps within the Altreich. Many actual or suspected communists were among the first internees.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buchenwald_concentration_camp]

b: 112 - '''Eichmann'''
The Eichmann trial was the 1961 trial in Israel of major Holocaust perpetrator Adolf Eichmann who was captured in Argentina by Israeli agents and brought to Israel to stand trial.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eichmann_trial] Adolf Eichmann had been in charge of the "Final Solution".[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Eichmann]

b: 112 - '''catatonic''' 
having a tendency to remain in a rigid state of stupor for long periods which give way to short periods of extreme agitation.[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/catatonic]

b: 112 - '''liberal SS circles''' 
The dark humor of imagining "liberal" [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schutzstaffel SS] circles may be lost in the modern U.S., but the definition of liberal as one with liberal views, supporting individual liberty[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/liberal] seems to fit, especially as in the 1960s, there were actual liberal Republicans represented by Rockefeller Republicans, who were members of the United States Republican Party (GOP) in the 1930s–1970s who held moderate-to-liberal views on domestic issues, similar to those of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Rockefeller Nelson Rockefeller], Governor of New York (1959–1973) and Vice President of the U.S. (1974–1977). For a more robust discussion of liberal see the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberalism Wikipedia] entry.

b: 112 - '''humane''' 
Having or showing concern for the pain or suffering of another; compassionate.[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/humane] Again, dark [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocaust_humor humor] to describe the perpetrators of The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Holocaust Holocaust].

b: 112 - '''metronomes''' 
A metronome (from Greek μέτρον (métron) 'measure', and νομός (nomós) 'law') is a device that produces an audible click or other sound at a uniform interval that can be set by the user, typically in beats per minute (BPM).[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metronome]

b: 112 - '''serpents''' 
The serpent, or snake, is one of the oldest and most widespread mythological symbols.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serpent_symbolism][https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serpents_in_the_Bible]

b: 112 - '''Brechtian vignettes''' 
Bertolt Brecht,[a] was a German theatre practitioner, playwright, and poet.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertolt_Brecht] A vignette is a short story or anecdote that presents a scene or tableau, or paints a picture.[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vignette][https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vignette_(literature)]

b: 112 - '''magic-lantern''' 
The magic lantern, also known by its Latin name lanterna magica, was an early type of image projector that used pictures—paintings, prints, or photographs—on transparent plates (usually made of glass), one or more lenses, and a light source. Because a single lens inverts an image projected through it (as in the phenomenon which inverts the image of a camera obscura), slides were inserted upside down in the magic lantern, rendering the projected image correctly oriented.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_lantern]

b: 112 - '''hallucinations''' 
A hallucination is a perception in the absence of an external stimulus that has the compelling sense of reality.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallucination]

b: 112 - '''Jung''' 
Carl Gustav Jung was a Swiss psychiatrist, psychotherapist and psychologist who founded the school of analytical psychology. Jung's research and personal vision, however, made it difficult to follow his older colleague's doctrine and they parted ways. This division was painful for Jung and resulted in the establishment of Jung's analytical psychology, as a comprehensive system separate from psychoanalysis.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Jung]

b: 112 - '''solfeggio''' 
is a mnemonic used in teaching aural skills, pitch and sight-reading of Western music. Solfège is a form of solmization, though the two terms are sometimes used interchangeably.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solf%C3%A8ge]

b: 112 - '''V-2''' 
The V2 (German: Vergeltungswaffe 2, lit. 'Vengeance Weapon 2'), with the technical name Aggregat 4 (A4), was the world's first long-range guided ballistic missile. The missile, powered by a liquid-propellant rocket engine, was developed during the Second World War in Nazi Germany as a "vengeance weapon" and assigned to attack Allied cities as retaliation for the Allied bombings of German cities. The V2 rocket also became the first artificial object to travel into space by crossing the Kármán line (edge of space) with the vertical launch of MW 18014 on 20 June 1944. The V-2 is an essential element in ''Gravity's Rainbow''.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V-2_rocket]

a: 139, b: 114 - '''Edna Mosh''' 
Mucho Maas deliberately distorts the sound of his wife's name to compensate for the [http://www.nutshellhifi.com/library/tinyhistory1.html distortions] of [http://www.tangentsunset.com/laradiohistory.htm AM radio] in the mid-sixties.

b: 114 - '''Caesar''' 
It derives from the cognomen of the Roman dictator Julius Caesar. The change from being a surname to a title used by the Roman emperors can be traced to AD 68, following the fall of the Julio-Claudian dynasty. When used on its own, the title denoted heirs apparent, which would later adopt the title Augustus on accession. The title remained an essential part of the style of the emperors, and became the word for "emperor" in some languages, such as German (kaiser) and Russian (tsar).[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesar_(title)]

b: 114 - '''Ringo Starr''' 
Sir Richard Starkey[2] MBE[3] (born 7 July 1940), known professionally as Ringo Starr, is an English musician, songwriter and actor who achieved international fame as the drummer for the Beatles.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr]

b: 114 - '''Chubby Checker''' 
Chubby Checker (born Ernest Evans; October 3, 1941) is an American singer and dancer. He is widely known for popularizing many dance styles, including the Twist dance style, with his 1960 hit cover of Hank Ballard & The Midnighters' R&B song "The Twist", and the pony dance style with the 1961 cover of the song "Pony Time".[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chubby_Checker]

b: 114 - '''the Righteous Brothers''' 
The Righteous Brothers are an American musical duo originally formed by Bill Medley and Bobby Hatfield. Medley formed the group with Hatfield in 1963.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Righteous_Brothers]

b: 115 - '''iridescences, auras''' 
Aniridescence is an exhibition of colors like those of the rainbow; a prismatic play of color.[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/iridescence] An aura is an invisible force surrounding a living creature.[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aura] Pynchon makes this and aura plural, indicating that Oedipa attempts to discern the multiple personalities that Funch describes.

b: 116 - '''His E string''' 
Mucho identifies one of the strings of the violin. The E string is the highest pitched string on a violin. That Mucho can pick this one string out of 68 strings of 17 violins is amazing.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violin#Pitch_range]

b: 116 - '''spectrum analysis''' 
Mucho claims to be able to do what a spectrum analyzer can do. A spectrum analyzer measures the magnitude of an input signal versus frequency within the full frequency range of the instrument.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum_analyzer]

a: 143, b: 117 - '''She Loves You''' 
The Beatles third single, first issued in the U.S. on the obscure '''Swan''' label.

b: 118 - '''hophead''' 
A drug user or addict. Hophead is an umbrella term for users of everything from cocaine to marijuana (or 'tea' - which is a jazz era term, not one that originated with the Beats as is erroneously noted elsewhere @ the Urban Dictionary) to benzedrine (aka 'bennies'/amphetamine). The term sprang from the early jazz scene in 1920's/30's America.[https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Hophead]

See: [[She_Loves_You_And_More|'''She Loves You And More''']]

b: 118 - '''hophead''' 
A drug user or addict. Hophead is an umbrella term for users of everything from cocaine to marijuana (or 'tea' - which is a jazz era term, not one that originated with the Beats as is erroneously noted elsewhere @ the Urban Dictionary) to benzedrine (aka 'bennies'/amphetamine). The term sprang from the early jazz scene in 1920's/30's America.[https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Hophead]

b: 118 - '''National Automobile Dealers Association N.A.D.A.''' 
The National Automobile Dealers Association (NADA) is an American trade organization representing nearly 16,500 franchised new car and truck dealerships, both domestic and foreign. Established in 1917, the organization is based in Tysons Corner, Virginia. As the automotive retail industry's primary trade association, NADA monitors federal legislation and regulation affecting dealerships and publishes forecasts and reports about industry trends.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Automobile_Dealers_Association] "Nada" in Spanish means "nothing".[https://translate.google.com/details?sl=es&tl=en&text=nada&op=translate]

b: 119 - '''twelve tone''' 
The twelve-tone technique—also known as dodecaphony, twelve-tone serialism, and (in British usage) twelve-note composition—is a method of musical composition first devised by Austrian composer Josef Matthias Hauer,[not verified in body] who published his "law of the twelve tones" in 1919. In 1923, Arnold Schoenberg (1874–1951) developed his own, better-known version of 12-tone technique, which became associated with the "Second Viennese School" composers, who were the primary users of the technique in the first decades of its existence.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve-tone_technique]

"As Mucho walked away he was whistling something complicated, twelve-tone." Corresponds to the famous Schoenberg boast that "one day even mailboys will whistle my tunes." Is Mucho giving Oedipa a final sign that he too is a W.A.S.T.E. user or 'mailboy'?

{{CL49 PbP}}